4-Hydroxymandelic acid

4-Hydroxymandelic acid
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
	Other names 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid; 4-Hydroxyphenylglycolic acid; p-Hydroxymandelic acid; 4-Hydroxymandelate
Identifiers
CAS Number	1198-84-1 ; 184901-84-6 (hydrate);
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	2365374
ChemSpider	321 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.490
EC Number	214-839-7;
PubChem CID	328;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70862596 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)5-8(10)11/h1-4,9H,5H2,(H,10,11) Key: YHXHKYRQLYQUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C(=O)O)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H8O4
Molar mass	168.148 g·mol−1
Appearance	Light red powder
Melting point	89 °C (192 °F; 362 K)
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS at Sigma Aldrich
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

4-Hydroxymandelic acid is a chemical compound used to synthesize atenolol.[1] The compound typically occurs as a monohydrate.

Synthesis and occurrence

It is produced from 4-hydroxypyruvic acid by the action of the enzyme (S)-p-hydroxymandelate synthase:

HOC₆H₄CH₂C(O)CO₂H + O₂ → HOC₆H₄CH(OH)CO₂H + CO2

4-Hydroxymandelic acid can be synthesized by the condensation reaction of phenol and glyoxylic acid:[1]

HOC₆H₅ + CHOCO₂H → HOC₆H₄CH(OH)CO₂H

Mattioda, Georges & Christidis, Yani (2000). Glyoxylic Acid. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. p. 2. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_495. ISBN 978-3527306732.

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