Senna artemisioides

Senna artemisioides, the wormwood senna,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Australia, where it is found in all mainland states and territories. Other common names include silver senna,[2] silver cassia or feathery cassia - although "cassia" generally refers to the largest-growing Cassiinae. Some of its distinct subspecies also have common names of their own.

"Blunt-leaved cassia" redirects here. This is also used for Senna obtusifolia.

Senna artemisioides
Senna artemisioides subsp. quadrifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Senna
Species:
S. artemisioides
Binomial name
Senna artemisioides
(Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell
Synonyms

Cassia artemisioides Gaudich. ex DC.
Cassia eremophila sensu auct. non Vogel
Cassia helmsii Symon
Cassia oligophylla (F.Muell.)
Cassia sturtii R. Br.

The Latin specific epithet artemisioides means “resembling Artemisia”, a different group of plants often known as wormwood.[3]

Description

This is an evergreen shrub that grows up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height. It has grey-green pinnate leaves with between 1 and 8 pairs of leaflets. It produces an abundance of yellow “pea” flowers in winter and spring which are about 1.5 cm in diameter, followed by 2 to 7 cm long flat green pods which age to dark brown.

The species adapts to a wide range of climatic conditions, but is susceptible to frost, especially when young. It prefers dry, well-drained sites with full sun. As an ornamental plant, it is propagated readily from seed, which should first be briefly immersed in boiling water.[4]

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[1][5]

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first described in 1825 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré based on work by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and placed in Cassia, but nowadays it has been moved to Senna. However, for a long time this plant was erroneously known as Cassia eremophila which is a true species of Cassia called desert cassia, described by Julius Rudolph Theodor Vogel.

A large number of formerly independent species are provisionally considered subspecies of S. artemisioides:

  • ssp. alicia Randell
  • ssp. artemisioides
  • ssp. filifolia Randell
  • ssp. helmsii (Symon) Randell – blunt-leaved cassia
  • ssp. oligophylla (F.Muell.) Randell – blunt-leaved cassia
  • ssp. petiolaris Randell woody cassia
  • ssp. quadrifolia Randell
(Senna quadrifolia Burm. is a synonym of Chamaecrista absus)
  • ssp. sturtii (R.Br.) Randell – Sturt's cassia[6]
  • ssp. zygophylla (Benth.) Randell

Some hybridogenic subspecies have also been named:

  • nothosubsp. × artemisioides [7]
  • ssp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell[8]
  • nothosubsp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell[9]
(Cassia coriacea Benth. is a synonym of Chamaecrista coriacea)
  • nothosubsp. × sturtii (R.Br.) Randell[10]

In addition, there are apparently at least 2 undescribed taxa:

  • Senna artemisioides "James Range (P.L.Latz 18528)"
  • Senna artemisioides "Kuyunba (B.Pitts 113)"

Altogether, S. artemisioides might be best considered a form taxon whose phylogenetic diversity is still largely unresolved.

References
  1. "RHS Plant Selector - Senna artemisioides". Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Senna artemisioides". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  3. Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
  4. "Senna artemisoides". Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants (ASGAP). Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  5. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 96. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  6. "Cassia sturtii R.Br". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  7. "Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell nothosubsp. × artemisioides". Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  8. "Senna artemisioides subsp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell". Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  9. "Senna artemisioides nothosubsp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell". Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  10. "Senna artemisioides nothosubsp. × sturtii (R.Br.) Randell". Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2007-12-22.

Further reading
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