Ferro (architecture)
A ferro (plural ferri) or ferro da facciata is an item of functional wrought-iron work on the façade of an Italian building. Ferri are a common feature of Medieval and Renaissance architecture in Lazio, Tuscany and Umbria. They are of three main types: ferri da cavallo have a ring for tethering horses, and are set at about 1.5 metres from the ground; holders for standards and torches are placed higher on the façade and on the corners of the building; arpioni have a cup-shaped hook or hooks to support cloth for shade or to be dried, and are set near balconies.[1]
| Ferro da facciata | |
|---|---|
|  Ferro in Piazza del Duomo, Florence | |
| Material | Wrought iron | 
In Florence, ferri da cavallo and arpioni were often made to resemble the head of a lion, the symbolic marzocco of the Republic of Florence.[2] Later, cats, dragons, horses and fantastic animals were also represented.[2][3]
 Bargello, Florence Bargello, Florence
 Ferro from two ages, Palazzo degli Altoviti, Florence Ferro from two ages, Palazzo degli Altoviti, Florence
 
 Palazzo Morozzi Dilaghi, Florence Palazzo Morozzi Dilaghi, Florence
 Ferro in Arezzo Ferro in Arezzo
_active_ca.1500.jpg.webp) Niccolò Grosso - "Il Caparra" Palazzo Strozzi c.1500 Niccolò Grosso - "Il Caparra" Palazzo Strozzi c.1500
 "Ferro" in Pisa, Italy "Ferro" in Pisa, Italy
.jpg.webp) Standard-holder, Rome Standard-holder, Rome
 Standard-holder, Borgo San Lorenzo Standard-holder, Borgo San Lorenzo
 Arpione, Palazzo degli Altoviti, Florence Arpione, Palazzo degli Altoviti, Florence
 Torch-holder, Via de' Giraldi, Florence Torch-holder, Via de' Giraldi, Florence
References
    
- [s.n.] (2001). Bisol: tra arte e tecnologia (in Italian). Il Ferro Battuto 18 (unpaginated). Accessed October 2015.
- [staff] ( 26 September 2014). Gatti, cavalli e draghi sui muri di Firenze (in Italian). Nove da Firenze. Accessed October 2015.
- John Superti (20 June 2013). Invisible horses: Rediscovering Florence's ferri. The Florentine (186/2014). Accessed October 2015.
Further reading
    
- Assunta Maria Adorisio (1996). Per Uso e Per Decoro: L’arte del ferro a Firenze e in Toscana dal eta gotica al XX secolo. Florence: Maria Christina de Montemayor.
- Giulio Ferrari. ([1920?]) Il ferro nell'arte Italiana. Centosettanta tavole riproduzioni in parte inedite di 368 soggetti, del medio evo, del rinascimento, del periodo barocco e neo-classico raccolte e ordinate con testo esplicativo. Kraus Reprint, 1973.
- James Lindow (2007). The Renaissance Palace in Florence: magnificence and splendor in fifteenth-century Italy. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
- Claudio Paolini. Repertorio delle architettura civili di Firenze. [Database] Palazzo Spinelli – Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze.
- Augusto Pedrini (1929). Il ferro battuto, sbalzato e cesellato, nell-arte italiana, dal secolo undicesimo al secolo diciottesimo. Milan: Ulrico Hoepli. (Published in English: Decorative ironwork of Italy. Atglen PA: Schiffer Publishers, 2010.)
- Urbano Quinto (1998). Gli antichi segreti del fabbro. Galleria Urbano Quinto.
- Herbert Railton (1900). Pen drawings of Florence. Cleveland, Ohio: J.H. Jansen.
- John Superti (2014). I Cavalli di Firenze = The Horses of Florence. Florence: Polistampa.
- John Superti (2013) Florence's Ironworks - Ferri https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKQ5s9Lk1Bo