List of recluses

This is a list of notable recluses, individuals who shun society and most other people. Excluded are religious hermits.

People
Name Year of birth Year of death Description
Syd Barrett[1][2] 1946 2006 English singer-songwriter, former leader of the band Pink Floyd
Marlon Brando[3] 1924 2004 American actor
Maria Callas[4] 1923 1977 Greek opera singer
Jack Chick[5] 1924 2016 American cartoonist and publisher of Chick tracts
Huguette Clark[6][7] 1906 2011 American heiress and philanthropist
John Deacon[8] 1951 N/A Musician, songwriter and former member of the band Queen
Emily Dickinson[9][10] 1830 1886 American poet
Eliza Emily Donnithorne[11][12] 1826 1886 Australian eccentric, rumored model for Miss Havisham in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
Enya[13][14] 1961 N/A Irish singer and musician
Bobby Fischer[15][16] 1943 2008 American former world chess champion
Greta Garbo[17][18][19][20] 1905 1990 American actress
João Gilberto[21] 1931 2019 Brazilian singer and composer
Glenn Gould[22] 1932 1982 Canadian pianist
Alexander Grothendieck[23][24][25] 1928 2014 German-French mathematician
Howard Hughes[17][26] 1905 1976 American business magnate, record-setting pilot, engineer, film director, and philanthropist
Ted Kaczynski[27][28] 1942 N/A American domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber
Stanley Kubrick[29] 1928 1999 American film director
Harper Lee[30] 1926 2016 American author, wrote To Kill a Mockingbird
Terrence Malick[31] 1943 N/A American film director
Cormac McCarthy[32][33] 1933 N/A American novelist, playwright and screenwriter
Pordenone Montanari[34][35] 1937 N/A Italian painter, sculptor and philosopher
Edvard Munch[36][37] 1863 1944 Norwegian painter of The Scream
Leo Ornstein[38][39][40] 1895 2002 American avant-garde pianist and composer
Bettie Page[41] 1923 2008 American pin-up model
Grigori Perelman[42][43] 1966 N/A Russian mathematician
Thomas Pynchon[30] 1937 N/A American novelist
Marcel Proust[44] 1871 1922 French novelist of In Search of Lost Time
Yves Saint Laurent[45][46] 1936 2008 French fashion designer
J. D. Salinger[17][30] 1919 2010 American author who wrote The Catcher in the Rye
Arthur Scargill[47] 1938 N/A British trade unionist who led of the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain) during a year-long strike in 1984–1985
Phil Spector[48] 1940 2021 American record producer, songwriter and convicted murderer
Sly Stone[49][50] 1943 N/A American musician, songwriter and record producer
Nikola Tesla[51] 1856 1943 Serbian-American inventor, engineer, physicist and futurist
Meg White[52] 1974 N/A Former drummer of The White Stripes
Brian Wilson[53][54] 1942 N/A American musician, songwriter and record producer
Ida Wood[55] 1838 1932 Remained in seclusion in a New York City hotel suite with two relatives for decades.

Fictional characters
Name Work Author Notes
Miss Havisham[56] Great Expectations Charles Dickens
Lestat de Lioncourt[57] The Vampire Chronicles Anne Rice A recluse for extended periods throughout the series.
Boo Radley[58] To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee A recluse created by a famous recluse.
The Grinch[59] How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and its adaptations Dr. Seuss
Shrek[60] Shrek and its adaptations William Steig

References
  1. Audrey Gillan (12 July 2006). "Rock's crazy diamond dies after 30 years as a recluse". The Guardian. London.
  2. "13 Rock Stars Who Disappeared". Rolling Stone. 26 September 2012.
  3. Luther, Claudia; Dutka, Elaine (3 July 2004). "Obituary: Marlon Brando". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  4. Wiley, David. "The battle for Callas' belongings". BBC News. BBC.
  5. Harriet Sherwood (25 October 2016). "Jack Chick, controversial evangelical cartoonist, dies aged 92". The Guardian.
  6. Matt Schudel (24 May 2011). "Huguette Clark, copper heiress and recluse, dies at 104". The Washington Post.
  7. "Empty Mansions: The Mysterious Life of Huguette Clark and the Spending of a Great American Fortune". 14 March 2014.
  8. "13 Rock Stars Who Disappeared". Rolling Stone. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  9. "Emily Dickinson - Top 10 Most Reclusive Celebrities - TIME". TIME. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  10. "Emily Dickinson". University of Illinois at Chicago. 3 September 1999. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  11. J. S. Ryan. Donnithorne, Eliza Emily (1826–1886). Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  12. Yatman, Brian (16 December 2014). "Sydney eccentric: Eliza Emily Donnithorne". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  13. White, Caitlin. "The Cosmos of Enya". Brooklyn Magazine. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  14. Pelly, Jenn. "Enya is Everywhere". Pitchfork. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  15. Christine Toomey (20 April 2008). "Bobby Fischer's final manoeuvre". The Sunday Times. London.
  16. Stephen Moss (19 January 2008). "Death of a madman driven sane by chess". The Guardian.
  17. Andrew Martin (31 January 2010). "How to be a recluse". The Independent.
  18. "Greta Garbo: Letters reveal solitary life of Hollywood star". BBC News. 4 December 2017.
  19. Alex Duval Smith (11 September 2005). "Lonely Garbo's love secret is exposed". The Guardian.
  20. "Greta Garbo". National Portrait Gallery.
  21. Aaron Cohen (31 July 2003). "Bossa nova legend has his way at Ravinia". Chicago Tribune. He may be Brazil's foremost recluse.
  22. Carola Vyhnak (7 October 2016). "Once Upon A City: Eccentric recluse was our greatest musician". The Star. The reclusive genius kept the behind-the-scenes aspects of his life tightly under wraps and was even rumoured to have fired a cleaning lady for her loose tongue.
  23. Matt Schudel (15 November 2014). "Alexander Grothendieck, mathematical genius who went into self-exile, dies at 86". The Washington Post.
  24. John Lichfield (15 January 2016). "Alexander Grothendieck: Legal battle over 'scribblings' of 20th century's 'greatest mathematician'". The Independent.
  25. Harvey Shoolman (25 November 2014). "Alexander Grothendieck obituary". The Guardian.
  26. "1976: Billionaire Howard Hughes dies". BBC. 5 April 1976. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  27. Alston Chase (June 2000). "Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber". The Atlantic Online. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  28. "On this day: 1996: 'Unabomber' suspect arrested". BBC. 3 April 1996. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  29. "Stanley Kubrick (obituary)". The Daily Telegraph. 8 March 1999. Archived from the original on 15 March 2010.
  30. Paul Harris (5 February 2006). "Mockingbird author steps out of shadows". The Observer. London.
  31. Eric Benson (April 2017). "The Not-So-Secret Life of Terrence Malick". Texas Monthly.|
  32. Richard B. Woodward (19 April 1992). "Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction". The New York Times.
  33. Martin Chilton (19 February 2016). "The late Harper Lee and five other reclusive authors". The Telegraph. London.
  34. Alberge, Dalya. "Italian recluse Pordenone Montanari, aged 73, hailed as a genius of art". Guardian Observer. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
  35. Rees, Jasper. "In old Italian home, new owner finds a secret master". The National. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  36. Lawrence Warick; Elaine Warick. "A Study of Loss, Grief and Creativity". Michigan State University. Retrieved 11 August 2004.
  37. "A Celebrated Artist-Recluse". The New York Times. 14 February 1937.
  38. Michael Broyles; Denise Von Glahn (21 September 2007). Leo Ornstein: Modernist Dilemmas, Personal Choices. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253348944. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014.
  39. Journal of American history. Organization of American Historians. 1994. p. 616.
  40. Stearns, David. "Composer Leo Ornstein's long-delayed return". The Inquirer. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  41. "1950s pinup model Bettie Page dead at 85". CNN. 19 February 2016.
  42. Forrest, Brett (22 August 2012). "Searching for Grigori Perelman, Russia's reclusive maths genius". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  43. "Annals of Mathematics: Manifold Destiny". New Yorker. Retrieved 28 August 2006.
  44. "Top 10 Most Reclusive Celebrities". Time magazine. 3 June 2009. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  45. Julie Carpenter (22 January 2002). "Yves was no Saint". The Daily Express.
  46. Charlie Porter (8 January 2002). "Spirit and wit fades from fashion front". The Guardian.
  47. Harris, John (28 February 2014). "In search of Arthur Scargill: 30 years after the miners' strike". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  48. Tim Cumming (2 November 2001). "I want to be alone". The Independent. London.
  49. Andy Greene (26 September 2012). "13 Rock Stars Who Disappeared: Sly Stone". Rolling Stone.
  50. David Kamp (3 July 2007). "Sly Stone's Higher Power". Vanity Fair.
  51. Tom de Castella (10 September 2012). "Nikola Tesla: The patron saint of geeks?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  52. "Where's Meg White? Jack Speaks Out on Elusive White Stripes Partner". Rolling Stone. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  53. McNair, James (3 September 2007). "Brian Wilson: Here Comes the Sun". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009.
  54. Shurr, Amanda (7 June 2015). "Love & Mercy". Paste. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  55. Karen Abbott (23 January 2013). "Everything Was Fake but Her Wealth". Smithsonian.
  56. Marjorie Kehe (7 February 2012). "Charles Dickens: His 10 most memorable characters - 4. Miss Havisham of "Great Expectations"". The Christian Science Monitor.
  57. Bell, Gabriel. "Anne Rice Vampire Chronicles Sequel - Prince Lestat". Refinery29. Refinery29. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  58. James Walton (4 March 2006). "First person singular: found! The great literary recluse". The Daily Telegraph.
  59. Janet Davison (18 December 2016). "'You're a mean one, Mr. Grinch,' but you've lasted 50 years on TV: Here's why". CBC News.
  60. Janet Davison (18 December 2016). "'You're a mean one, Mr. Grinch,' but you've lasted 50 years on TV: Here's why". CBC News.
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