List of ruling political parties by country

This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

For other lists, see Lists of political parties.
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The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Abkhazia Multi-party Independents, Amtsakhara
Forum for the National Unity of Abkhazia, United Abkhazia		 2022 (parliament)
 Afghanistan One-party Taliban (de facto)
National Resistance Front of Afghanistan (de jure)		 2021 takeover
 Åland Multi-party Centre, Moderate Coalition, ObS, Sustainable Initiative
Liberals, Social Democrats, Future of Åland, Ålandic Democracy[1]		 2019 (legislative)
 Albania Multi-party Socialist Party of Albania, PSD
PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), LSI		 2021 (parliament)
 Alderney Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2020 (general)
 Algeria Multi-party National Liberation Front, National Rally for Democracy, Future Front, El-Bina
MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (presidential)
 Andorra Multi-party Democrats for Andorra, Liberal Party, Committed Citizens
Social Democratic Party, Third Way–Lauredian Union		 2019 (parliament)
 Angola Dominant-party People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
UNITA, CASA–CE, PRS, FNLA		 2017 (legislative)
 Anguilla Two-party Anguilla Progressive Movement
Anguilla United Front		 2020 (general)
 Antigua and
  Barbuda		 Two-party Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party
United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement		 2018 (general)
 Argentina Multi-party Frente de Todos (PJ, FR, Federal Commitment), SER, MPN
Juntos por el Cambio (PRO, UCR), Federal Peronists (CF, VcV, PDC, PS, 3P), FIT-U (PO, PTS), AL-LA		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (general)
 Armenia Multi-party Civil Contract, United Labour Party
Armenia Alliance (ARF, Reborn Armenia, One Armenia), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, Homeland)		 2021 (parliament)
 Artsakh Multi-party Free Motherland - UCA Alliance, United Motherland
Justice, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Aruba Multi-party People's Electoral Movement, RAIZ
AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21		 2021 (general)
 Ascension Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2019 (general)
 Australia Two-party Liberal Party, National Party
Labor Party (official opposition), Greens, Centre Alliance, UAP, KAP, JLN, RPT		 2019 (federal)
 Austria Multi-party Austrian People's Party, The Greens
Social Democratic Party, Freedom Party, NEOS		 2019 (legislative)
 Azerbaijan Dominant-party New Azerbaijan Party, VHP, ADMP, VBP, AVP, BQP, Unity Party, MCP
DİP, REAL, BACXP		 2020 (parliament)

B
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Bahamas Two-party Progressive Liberal Party
Free National Movement		 2021 (general)
 Bahrain Dominant-party Pro-monarchy independents, Al Asalah
al-Minbar		 2018 (general)
 Bangladesh Dominant-party Awami League, Workers Party, JASAD, Jatiya Party (Manju), BTF
Jatiya Party (Ershad), Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BDB, Gano Forum		 2018 (general)
 Barbados Two-party Barbados Labour Party
No parliamentary opposition, Democratic Labour Party, Alliance Party for Progress (PdP, UPP)		 2022 (general)
 Belarus Dominant-party Independents (Belaya Rus), Communist Party, Patriotic Party, RPTS, Agrarian Party
LDPB[lower-alpha 1]		 2019 (parliament)
 Belgium Multi-party PS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit
N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, cdH, DéFI		 2019 (general)
 Flanders Multi-party N-VA, CD&V, Open Vld
Vooruit, Groen, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA		 2019 (parliament)
 Wallonia Multi-party PS, MR, cdH
PTB/PVDA, Ecolo		 2019 (parliament)
 Brussels Multi-party PS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit
MR, PTB/PVDA, cdH, DierAnimal, N-VA, Vlaams Belang, CD&V, Agora		 2019 (parliament)
 Belize Two-party People's United Party
United Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Benin Two-party Progressive Union
Republican Bloc		 2021 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Bermuda Two-party Progressive Labour Party
One Bermuda Alliance		 2020 (general)
 Bhutan Two-party Bhutan United Party
Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party		 2018 (legislative)
 Bolivia Multi-party Movement for Socialism
Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)		 2020 (general)
 Bonaire Multi-party Bonaire People's Movement
Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union		 2019 (general)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Multi-party SDA, SNSD, HDZ BiH, DF–SD BiH, US–SP
SDP BiH, SDS–PDP, NS–NB, SBB BiH–PDA, NES, DNS, NiP		 2018 (general)
 Botswana Dominant-party Botswana Democratic Party
UDC (official opposition), Botswana Patriotic Front, Alliance for Progressives		 2019 (general)
 Brazil Multi-party PL, PP, MDB, Republicans, PSC, PTB, Patriota
PT, UB, PSDB, PSD, PSB, PDT, Solidariedade, PODE, PROS, PSOL, PCdoB, NOVO, Cidadania, PV, REDE		 2018 (general)
 Brunei Absolute monarchy; no political parties[lower-alpha 2]No elections
 Bulgaria Multi-party We Continue the Change (Volt, SEC), BSP for Bulgaria, ITN, Democratic Bulgaria (Yes, Bulgaria!, DSB, ZD)
GERB–SDS, DPS, Revival		 2021 (general)
 Burkina Faso Military junta Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration 2022 coup d'état
 Burundi Dominant-party National Council for the Defense of Democracy
National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress		 2020 (general)

C
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Cambodia Dominant-party Cambodian People's Party
FUNCINPEC		 2018 (parliament)
 Cameroon Dominant-party Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
UNDP, Social Democratic Front, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM		 2020 (parliament)
 Canada Multi-party Liberal Party (minority)
Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, New Democratic Party, Green Party		 2021 (federal)
 Cape Verde Two-party Movement for Democracy
African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (president's party), UCID		 2021 (presidential)
2021 (parliament)
 Cayman Islands Two-party Independents
People's Progressive Movement		 2021 (general)
 Central African
  Republic		 Multi-party United Hearts Movement
MLPC, Democratic Rally, Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MNI, UNDP		 2020-21 (general)
 Chad Military junta Transitional Military Council 2021 (presidential)
 Chile Multi-party Apruebo Dignidad (Broad Front, Chile Digno)
NPS (PS, PPD, Radical Party, PDC, Liberal Party), Chile Vamos (National Renewal, UDI, PRI, Evópoli), Republican Party		 2021 (general)
 China One-party Chinese Communist Party, other United Front members (JS, CAPD, CDL, CNDCA, CPWDP, RCCK, CZGP, Taimeng) 2018 (congressional)
 Hong Kong Dominant-party Pro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF)
Third Side, Pro-democracy camp		 2021 (legislative)
2019 (local)
 Macau Dominant-party Pro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL)
Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power		 2021 (legislative)
 Colombia Multi-party Democratic Center, Radical Change, Conservative Party, Citizen Option, MIRA, Colombia Justa Libres
Liberal Party, Social Party of National Unity, Green Alliance, Commons, PDA, Decentes		 2022 (legislative)
2018 (presidential)
 Comoros Dominant-party Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros
Orange Party		 2020 (legislative)
 Congo Dominant-party Congolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS
UPADS, DRR, Union for a Popular Movement		 2021 (presidential)
2017 (parliament)
 DR Congo Multi-party President: UDPS; Parliament: Common Front for Congo
Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka, Heading for Change		 2018 (general)
2019 (senate)
 Cook Islands Multi-party Cook Islands Party (minority)
Democratic Party, One Cook Islands Movement		 2018 (general)
 Costa Rica Multi-party Citizens' Action Party (minority)
PLN, Unidad, National Restoration Party, PIN, Social Christian Republican Party, Broad Front		 2022 (general)
 Croatia Multi-party Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, HDS), SDSS, Social Liberty Party (HSLS, NS-R), HNS-LD, HSU
SDP, DP, The Bridge, Green–Left Coalition, Croatian Sovereignists, Centre-GLAS, HSS-RF, IDS-DDI, Focus		 2020 (parliament)
 Cuba One-party Communist Party of Cuba 2018 (parliament)
 Curaçao Multi-party MFK, National People's Party
PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao		 2021 (general)
 Cyprus Multi-party Democratic Rally
AKEL, DIKO, ELAM, EDEK-Citizens' Alliance, Democratic Front, KOSP		 2021 (legislative)
 Czech Republic Multi-party SPOLU (ODS, KDU–ČSL, TOP 09), PaS (STAN, Pirate Party)
ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy		 2021 (legislative)
2018 (presidential)

D
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Denmark Multi-party Social Democrats, SF, Social Liberal Party, Red–Green Alliance
Venstre, DF, DKF, New Right, Liberal Alliance, Independent Greens, Alternative, Christian Democrats		 2019 (general)
 Djibouti Dominant-party Union for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR)
UDJ–PDD, CDU		 2021 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 Dominica Two-party Dominica Labour Party
United Workers' Party		 2019 (general)
 Dominican Republic Multi-party Modern Revolutionary Party, Broad Front, APD, Dominicans for Change, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR
Dominican Liberation Party, People's Force, PRSC, Dominican Revolutionary Party, ALPAÍS, PLR		 2020 (general)
 Donetsk People's
Republic		 Dominant-party Donetsk Republic
Free Donbas (New Russia Party)		 2018 (general)

E
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 East Timor Multi-party Fretilin, People's Liberation Party, KHUNTO, Democratic Party
CNRT (president-elect's party), Timorese Democratic Union, Frenti-Mudança, PUDD		 2018 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
 Ecuador Multi-party CREO, PSE, MC, MEU, Avanza, PSP, MDS, UE, MC25, Pachakutik, ID
Union for Hope (FCS, CD), Social Christian Party		 2021 (general)
 Egypt Dominant-party Independents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP
CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP		 2018 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 El Salvador Multi-party Nuevas Ideas, GANA, PCN, PDC
ARENA, FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, Vamos		 2019 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Equatorial Guinea Dominant-party Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
Citizens for Innovation (officially banned)		 2017 (parliament)
2016 (presidential)
 Eritrea One-party People's Front for Democracy and Justice none
 Estonia Multi-party Reform Party, Centre Party
Conservative People's Party, Isamaa, Social Democratic Party		 2019 (parliament)
 Eswatini No political parties 2018 (general)
 Ethiopia Dominant-party Prosperity Party
NaMA, EZEMA, Gedeo People's Democratic Organization		 2021 (general)
 European Union Multi-party EPP, PES, ALDE
ECR, ID, EGP, EFA, PEL, EDP, ECPM		 2019 (parliament)

F
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Falkland Islands Non-partisan democracy; no political parties2021 (general)
 Faroe Islands Multi-party Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party
Social Democratic Party, Republic, Progress, Self-Government		 2019 (parliament)
 Fiji Dominant-party FijiFirst
Social Democratic Liberal Party, National Federation Party		 2018 (general)
 Finland Multi-party SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Swedish People's Party
Finns Party, Kokoomus, KD, Movement Now, Power Belongs to the People		 2019 (parliament)
 France Multi-party La République En Marche!, Democratic Movement, Radical Party, Agir, TDP, EC
LR, UDI, PS, PRG, La France Insoumise, PCF, National Rally, Debout la France		 2022 (presidential)
2017 (legislative)
 French Guiana Multi-party DVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party
DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans		 2021 (regional)
 French Polynesia Multi-party Tapura Huiraatira
Amuitahira'a o te Nuna'a Maohi, Tavini Huiraatira		 2018 (legislative)

G
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other Parties		Last election
 Gabon Dominant-party Gabonese Democratic Party
The Democrats, RPM, SDG, RVR, others		 2016 (presidential)
 Gambia Multi-party National People’s Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC
United Democratic Party, PDOIS		 2021 (presidential)
2022 (parliament)
 Georgia Dominant-party Georgian Dream
Strength is in Unity (ENM, SK, PdT, EDP), For Georgia, Lelo, ES, SA, Girchi, Citizens, Republicans, European Georgia, Girchi-MT, KdS, SLP		 2020 (parliament)
 Germany Multi-party Social Democratic Party, A90/Greens, Free Democratic Party
CDU/CSU, AfD, The Left		 2021 (federal)
 Ghana Two-party New Patriotic Party
National Democratic Congress		 2020 (general)
 Gibraltar Two-party GSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG)
Gibraltar Social Democrats, Together Gibraltar		 2019 (general)
 Greece Multi-party New Democracy
Syriza (official opposition), KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, MeRA25		 2019 (legislative)
 Greenland Multi-party Inuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, Atassut
Siumut, Democrats		 2021 (general)
 Grenada Two-party New National Party
National Democratic Congress		 2018 (general)
 Guadeloupe Multi-party GUSR, DVC
Plural Left		 2021 (regional)
 Guatemala Multi-party Vamos, Valor, FCN, Todos, VIVA, Humanist, Citizen Prosperity, BIEN, Unionist, Victory, PAN, Podemos
UNE, Semilla, CREO, BIEN, Winaq, URNG–MAIZ, Victory, MLP		 2019 (general)
 Guernsey Multi-party Independents
Guernsey Partnership of Independents, Guernsey Party, Alliance Party Guernsey		 2020 (general)
 Guinea Military junta National Committee of Reconciliation and Development 2021 coup
 Guinea-Bissau Multi-party Madem G15, Party for Social Renewal
PAIGC, New Democracy Party, Union for Change		 2019 (presidential)
2019 (legislative)
 Guyana Two-party People's Progressive Party
People's National Congress (APNU, AFC) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM		 2020 (legislative)

H
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Haiti Multi-party none
Inite, APD, Haitian Tèt Kale Party, KID, Fanmi Lavalas, Platfòm Pitit Desalin, OPL, Haiti in Action		 2016–17 (senate)
Nov 2016 (presidential)
 Honduras Multi-party Liberty and Refoundation, Savior Party of Honduras, PINU
National Party, Liberal Party, Christian Democratic Party, Anti-Corruption Party		 2021 (general)
 Hungary Dominant-party Fidesz–KDNP, LdU
MSZP–Dialogue, Jobbik, Democratic Coalition, MLP, LMP – Greens, UK, Mi Hazánk, PV, VP, ISZOMM, ReforMers		 2022 (parliament)

I
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Iceland Multi-party Independence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement
Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Reform Party, Centre Party		 2021 (parliament)
 India Multi-party NDA (BJP, JD(U), LJP, AD(S), AJSU, AIADMK, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM)
UPA (INC, DMK, NCP, JKNC, IUML, JMM, RSP, VCK), AITC, YSRCP, SS, BJD, BSP, TRS, SP, TDP, CPI(M), SAD, CPI, AIMIM, AIUDF, KC(M), JD(S), AAP, RLP		 2019 (general)
 Indonesia Multi-party Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, Golkar, Gerindra, Nasdem Party, PKB, PAN, PPP
Democratic Party, Prosperous Justice Party		 2019 (general)
 Iran Dominant-party[lower-alpha 3] Principlists (SHANA, Stability Front)
Reformists (Moderation and Development Party, Executives of Construction Party), independents		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Iraq Multi-party Independents
Sadrist Movement, Progress Party, State of Law, KDP, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Naway Nwe, Emtidad, IK, Tasmim, Aqed Wattani, ANSF, Babylon Movement, others		 2021 (parliament)
 Kurdistan Region Multi-party Kurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Gorran Movement, New Generation Movement, Kurdistan Justice Group, Kurdistan Islamic Union		 2018 (parliament)
 Ireland Multi-party Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party
Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP/S, Aontú, Right to Change		 2020 (general)
 Isle of Man Two-party[lower-alpha 4] Independents
Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party		 2021 (general)
 Israel Multi-party Yesh Atid, Blue and White (Resilience Party), Labor Party, Yisrael Beiteinu, Yamina (New Right), New Hope, Meretz, Ra'am
Likud, Shas, Joint List, UTJ (Degel HaTorah, Agudat), Religious Zionist Party (Otzma, Noam, Atid Ehad), Joint List (Hadash (Maki), Ta'al, Balad)		 2021 (legislative)
 Italy Multi-party Five Star Movement, Lega Nord, Democratic Party, Forza Italia, Italia Viva, PSI, LeU, CD, NcI, USEI, AdC, Action, +Eu, RI, Aut, CI, MAIE
Brothers of Italy, Alternativa, Italian Left, Italexit, Italy of Values, Power to the People, Communist Party		 2018 (general)
2021 crisis
 Ivory Coast Dominant-party Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR)
PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI		 2021 (parliament)

J
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Jamaica Two-party Jamaica Labour Party
People's National Party		 2020 (general)
 Japan Dominant-party Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito
Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Communist Party, Reiwa, SDP, Anti-NHK Party		 2021 (general)
2019 (Sangiin)
 Jersey Multi-party[lower-alpha 5] Jersey Alliance, independents
Reform Jersey, Progress Party		 2018 (general)
 Jordan Dominant-party[lower-alpha 6] Pro-monarchy independents, Jordanian United Front Party, National Loyalty Party
Islamic Action Front, Islamic Centre Party		 2020 (general)

K
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Kazakhstan Dominant-party Nur Otan, Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
Ak Zhol, People's Party		 2019 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Kenya Multi-party Jubilee Party
NASA (ODM, WDM-K, FORD-Kenya, ANC), KANU, PDR		 2017 (general)
 Kiribati Two-party Tobwaan Kiribati Party
Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Kuwait No political parties2020 (general)
 Kyrgyzstan Multi-party Mekenchil (president's party), Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak
Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Social Democrats, Afghans' Party		 2021 (parliament)
 Kosovo Multi-party Vetëvendosje, Multiethnic group (KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI)
PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK		 2021 (parliament)

L
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Laos One-party Lao People's Revolutionary Party 2021 (parliament)
 Latvia Multi-party New Conservative Party, Development/For! (LA, Par!, Izaugsme), National Alliance, New Unity (Unity, LP)
Harmony (LSP), ZZS (LZS, LZP, LuV, DNP, LP), Law and Order, Latvia First, Republic, For a Humane Latvia		 2018 (parliament)
 Lebanon Multi-party FPM, ARF, LDP, FM, Amal, Ba'ath Party, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, Azm, SSNP, DM, Al-Ahbash, Union Party
Lebanese Forces, Popular Nasserist Organization, National Dialogue Party		 2018 (general)
 Lesotho Multi-party All Basotho Convention, Democratic Congress, MEC, Basotho National Party, Popular Front for Democracy
Lesotho Congress for Democracy, Alliance of Democrats, BAP, Reformed Congress of Lesotho, DPL, BPP		 2017 (general)
 Liberia Two-party Coalition for Democratic Change (Congress for Democratic Change, NPP)
Unity Party (main opposition), Liberty Party, ANC, PUP, ALP, MEE, MDR, LTP, UPP, VCP, LPP, LINU		 2017 (general)
 Libya No political parties 2014 (parliament)
 Liechtenstein Multi-party Progressive Citizens' Party, Patriotic Union
Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein		 2021 (general)
 Lithuania Multi-party Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party
LVŽS, LSDP, LŽP, Labour Party, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, LT		 2020 (parliament)
2019 (presidential)
 Luhansk
People's Republic		 Dominant-party Peace to Luhanshchina
Luhansk Economic Union		 2018 (general)
 Luxembourg Multi-party Democratic Party, LSAP, The Greens
CSV, ADR, Pirate Party, The Left		 2018 (general)

M
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Madagascar Multi-party Young Malagasies Determined
Tiako I Madagasikara, independents		 2018 (presidential)
 Malawi Multi-party Malawi Congress Party, UTM, independents
DPP, UDF, People's Party, Alliance for Democracy		 2020 (presidential)
 Malaysia Multi-party Barisan Nasional, Perikatan Nasional, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, PBS
Pakatan Harapan, WARISAN, PEJUANG, Sarawak United Party, MUDA		 2018 (general)
2020 crisis
 Maldives Multi-party Maldivian Democratic Party, Jumhooree Party
PPM, People's National Congress, MDA, DRP		 2018 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Mali Military junta 2021 coup d'état
 Malta Two-party Labour Party
Nationalist Party		 2022 (general)
 Marshall Islands Two-party Independents (Aelon̄ Kein Ad, United Democratic Party) 2019 (general)
 Mauritania Multi-party Union for the Republic
Tewassoul, Union for Democracy and Progress		 2019 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 Mauritius Multi-party MSM, ML, OPR, MAG, Plateforme Militante
MMM, PMSD, Labour Party		 2019 (general)
 Mayotte Multi-party The Republicans, NÉMA, DVD
MDM, UDI, DVG		 2015 (legislative)
 Mexico Multi-party Morena, Green Party, Labor Party
PAN, PRI, Citizens' Movement, PRD		 2018 (general)
2021 (legislative)
 Micronesia Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2021 (parliament)
 Moldova Multi-party Party of Action and Solidarity
BeCS (Socialist Party, Communist Party), Șor Party		 2021 (parliament)
 Monaco Multi-party Priorité Monaco
Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque		 2018 (parliament)
 Mongolia Multi-party Mongolian People's Party
Democratic Party, Right Person Electorate Coalition		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Montenegro Multi-party (acting government) DF (NSD, DNP, PZP, UCG, RP), MjNN (Democrats, DEMOS), SNP, CnB (URA, Civis), Prava
Democratic Party of Socialists (LP), SDP, Bosniak Party, Social Democratic Party (PD), FORCA		 2020 (legislative)
 Montserrat Two-party Movement for Change and Prosperity
People's Democratic Movement		 2019 (general)
 Morocco Multi-party National Rally of Independents, Istiqlal Party, Authenticity and Modernity Party
USFP, Popular Movement, PPS, Constitutional Union, PJD, MDS, FFD, AFG, PSU		 2021 (general)
 Mozambique Dominant-party FRELIMO Party
RENAMO, Democratic Movement		 2019 (general)
 Myanmar Military junta State Administration Council none

N
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Namibia Dominant-party SWAPO
PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, Republican Party, NEFF, IPC, RDP, CDV, SWANU		 2019 (general)
 Nauru Multi-party Nauru First, nonpartisans
Oppositionists		 2019 (parliament)
2019 (presidential)
 Nepal Multi-party Nepali Congress, CPN (Maoist), CPN (Unified Socialist), PSP-N, LSP-N, PPP
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)		 2017 (general)
 Netherlands Multi-party VVD, CDA, D66, Christian Union
PVV, PvdA, GL, SP, PvdD, FvD, 50PLUS, SGP, Volt, JA21, DENK, BVNL, BBB, BIJ1		 2021 (general)
 New Caledonia Multi-party Caledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party
Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC		 2019 (legislative)
 New Zealand Two-party Labour Party, Green Party
National Party (official opposition), ACT New Zealand, Māori Party		 2020 (general)
 Nicaragua Dominant-party Sandinista National Liberation Front
Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, Alliance for the Republic, Nicaraguan Christian Path, YATAMA		 2021 (general)
 Niger Multi-party PNDS, MPR, MNSD, CPR, ANDP, RDP, RPP, ARD, MDEN, RSD, ADEN
MODEN/FA, RDR, MPN, PJP, AMEN, PSD, ADR, RNDP		 2020-21 (general)
 Nigeria Two-party All Progressives Congress
Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), YPP, APGA, ADC, PRP		 2019 (general)
 Niue Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2020 (general)
 North Korea One-party Workers' Party of Korea, other DFRK members (Social Democratic Party, Chondoist Chongu Party, Chongryon) 2019 (parliament)
 North Macedonia Multi-party We Can (SDSM, NSDP, VMRO – People's Party, TDP, THP, POPGM, SSM), DUI, Alternativa, LDP, DPA, DOM, DS
Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM, GROM, ROM), Alliance for Albanians, The Left, Besa		 2019 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Northern Cyprus Multi-party National Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party
Republican Turkish Party, People's Party		 2022 (parliament)
 Norway Multi-party Labour Party, Centre Party
Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus		 2021 (parliament)

O
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 Oman Political parties outlawed 2019 (general)

P
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Pakistan Multi-party PTI, MQM–P, PML–Q, BAP, GDA, Awami Muslim League, Jamhoori Wattan Party
PML–N, PPP, MMA, Balochistan National Party, ANP		 2018 (general)
 Palau Non-partisan democracy; no political parties2020 (general)
 Palestine Multi-party PLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way
Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)		 2006 (legislative)
 Panama Multi-party Democratic Revolutionary Party, MOLIRENA
Democratic Change, Panameñista Party		 2019 (general)
 Papua New Guinea Multi-party PNC, Pangu Party, MAP, PPP, ODP, PNGNP, Allegiance Party, THE Party
URP, NA, PP, Country Party, SDP, PNG Party, Labour Party, CFRP, MLP, PDM, PMFCP, One Nation Party, UP		 2017 (general)
 Paraguay Multi-party Colorado Party
PLRA, Guasú Front, PPQ, PDP, UNACE, GANAR, Hagamos Party, PEN, MCN		 2018 (general)
 Peru Multi-party Free Peru, Together for Peru, Democratic Peru
Popular Force, AP, APP, Avanza País, Popular Renewal, We Are Peru, PP, Purple Party		 2021 (general)
 Philippines Multi-party PDP–Laban, Nacionalista, NUP, NPC, Lakas–CMD, others
Liberal Party, Makabayan, LDP, Reporma, Akbayan, others		 2019 (general)
 Pitcairn Islands Non-partisan democracy; no political parties2019 (general)
 Poland Multi-party United Right (PiS, SP, Republican Party, OdNowa RP), Kukiz'15
KO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ), KP (PSL, UED), The Left (NL, Razem), Confederation (KORWiN, RN, KKP), PL2050, PJG, PPS, KWMN		 2020 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 Portugal Multi-party Socialist Party
PSD, Left Bloc, CDU (PCP, PEV), CDS-PP, PAN, Chega, Liberal Initiative		 2022 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)
 Puerto Rico Two-party Popular Democratic Party
New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD		 2020 (general)

Q
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 Qatar No political parties2021 (general)

R
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Romania Multi-party National Coalition for Romania (PSD, PNL, UDMR/RMDSZ)
Save Romania Union, Alliance for the Union of Romanians, Force of the Right, Romanian Nationhood Party		 2019 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Russia Dominant-party United Russia
KPRF, LDPR, SR-ZP, New People, Rost, Rodina, Civic Platform		 2018 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 Rwanda Dominant-party Rwandan Patriotic Front
Social Democratic Party, PS-Imberakuri, PL, Democratic Greens		 2017 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)

S
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Saint Helena Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2021 (general)
Multi-party People's Action Movement, Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party
Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party		 2020 (general)
 Saint Lucia Two-party Saint Lucia Labour Party
United Workers Party		 2021 (general)
Two-party Archipelago Tomorrow (LR)
Together for the Future (PRG)		 2017 (legislative)
Two-party Unity Labour Party
New Democratic Party		 2020 (general)
 Samoa Two-party Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa National Democratic Party
Human Rights Protection Party		 2021 (general)
 San Marino Multi-party Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, RETE Movement, DML, NplR
Libera, Future Republic		2019 (general)
Multi-party MLSTP/PSD, PCD-MDFM-UDD
Independent Democratic Action (president's party), MCISTP		 2021 (presidential)
2018 (legislative)
 Saudi Arabia Absolute monarchy; no political partiesnone
 Senegal Dominant-party Alliance for the Republic
Manko Wattu Sénégal, Manko Taxawu Sénégal, Party for Unity and Rally		 2019 (presidential)
 Serbia Dominant-party For Our Children (SNS, SNP, PS, PSS-BK, SPO, NSS), SPS–KP–ZS, PUPS, SDPS, JS, VMSZ, SPP–DPM–USS
PVD–SDA S, National Network		 2022 (general)
 Seychelles Two-party Linyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP)
United Seychelles		 2020 (general)
 Sierra Leone Two-party All People's Congress
Sierra Leone People's Party (president's party), C4C, NGC		 2018 (general)
 Singapore Dominant-party People's Action Party
Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party		 2020 (general)
 Sint Maarten Multi-party National Alliance, United People's Party
USP, Party for Progress, UD		 2020 (general)
 Slovakia Multi-party Ordinary People, Freedom and Solidarity, We Are Family, For the People
Smer–SSD, Hlas–SD, ĽSNS, Republic, Život–NS, Progressive Slovakia, SPOLU		 2020 (parliament)
 Slovenia Multi-party Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia, Concretely, DeSUS, Slovenian National Party, Our Country
List of Marjan Šarec, Social Democrats, The Left, Party of Alenka Bratušek		 2018 (parliament)
 Solomon Islands Multi-party Independents, Kadere Party, Democratic Alliance Party, People's Alliance Party
Democratic Party, United Democratic Party, United Party, People First Party, SIPRA		 2019 (general)
 Somalia Multi-party Independents, Nabad iyo Nolol (president's party)
Forum for National Parties		 2017 (presidential)
 Somaliland Multi-party Waddani, Justice and Welfare Party
Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party (president's party)		 2017 (presidential)
 South Africa Dominant-party African National Congress
DA (official opposition), EFF, IFP, FF+, ACDP, UDM, ATM, Good, NFP, AIC, COPE		 2019 (general)
 South Korea Two-party Democratic Party, Open Democratic Party
People Power, Justice Party, People Party, Basic Income Party, Transition Korea		 2022 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 South Ossetia Dominant-party United Ossetia
People's Party, Nykhaz, Unity of the People, Communist Party		 2019 (parliament)
 South Sudan Dominant-party Sudan People's Liberation Movement
SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance		 2010 (general)
 Spain Multi-party PSOE, Unidas Podemos (Podemos, IU, ECP), ERC–S, EAJ-PNV, EH Bildu, PDeCAT, Más País, MC, NCa, TE, PRC
People's Party, Vox, Citizens, Junts, Popular Unity Candidacy, NA+, CC, Asturias Forum, BNG		 2019 (general)
 Sri Lanka Multi-party SLPFA (Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, Sri Lanka Freedom Party, EPDP, TMVP, NC)
Samagi Jana Balawegaya, TNA, NPP, Tamil National People's Front		 2019 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Sudan Military junta Transitional Sovereignty Council
Forces of Freedom and Change		 2019–2024 transition period
2021 coup
 Suriname Multi-party VHP, ABOP, National Party of Suriname, Pertjajah Luhur
National Democratic Party, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics		 2020 (general)
 Sweden Multi-party Social Democratic Party, Centre Party, Left Party, Green Party
Moderate Party, Sweden Democrats, Christian Democrats, Liberals		 2018 (general)
 Switzerland Multi-party Swiss People's Party (Ticino League, EDU-UDF), Social Democratic Party, The Centre (EVP), FDP.The Liberals
Greens (solidaritéS, Party of Labour), Green Liberal Party		 2019 (federal)
 Syria Dominant-party National Progressive Front: (Ba'ath Party, SSNP, SUP, SCP (Bakdash), ASU, SCP (Unified), NCP, ADU, DSUP)
No parliamentary opposition, Syrian opposition		 2020 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)

T
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Taiwan Two-party Democratic Progressive Party
Kuomintang (official opposition), People's Party, New Power Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 Tajikistan Dominant-party People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan, Communist Party, Socialist Party
Agrarian Party, Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party		 2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Tanzania Dominant-party Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Chadema, Civic United Front, Alliance for Change and Transparency		 2020 (general)
 Zanzibar Dominant-party Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Alliance for Democratic Change, Alliance for Tanzania Farmers Party, Tanzania Democratic Alliance		 2020 (general)
 Thailand Multi-party Palang Pracharath, BJT, Democrat Party, Chartthaipattana, Chart Pattana, ACT, TLP, NEP, FCP, New Palangdharma, NDP
Pheu Thai, Move Forward, Liberal, Prachachart, Pheu Chat, Palang Puangchon Thai, Thai Civilized Party		 2019 (general)
Tigray Region Dominant-party Tigray People's Liberation Front
National Congress of Great Tigray, TIP, SAWET, ADP		 2020 (parliament)
 Togo Dominant-party Union for the Republic
Union of Forces for Change, NET, MPDD, PDP, MRC		 2020 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 Tokelau Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2020 (general)
 Tonga Two-party Tongan nobles, independents
Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tonga People's Party		 2021 (general)
 Transnistria Dominant-party Republican Party "Obnovlenie"
No parliamentary opposition, Pridnestrovie Communist Party		 2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
Two-party People's National Movement
United National Congress		 2020 (general)
 Tobago Two-party Progressive Democratic Patriots
Tobago Council of the People's National Movement		 2021 (legislative)
 Tunisia Multi-party none
Ennahda, BD (Attayar, MDP), Heart of Tunisia, Al Karama, The Reform (Machrouu, Badil Ettounsi, Afek), PDL, Tahya Tounes		 2019 (parliament)
2021 crisis
 Turkey Multi-party Justice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, Great Unity Party
Republican People's Party, Peoples' Democratic Party, Good Party, TIP, Homeland Party, DP, ZP, DEVA, DBP, Saadet, YP		 2018 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 Turkmenistan Dominant-party Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs
no opposition		 2018 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
Two-party Progressive National Party
People's Democratic Movement		 2021 (general)
 Tuvalu Non-partisan democracy; no political parties 2019 (general)

U
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Uganda Dominant-party National Resistance Movement
NUP, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, JEEMA, PPP		 2021 (general)
 Ukraine Multi-party Servant of the People, For the Future, Dovira
European Solidarity, Batkivshchyna, Platform for Life and Peace, Holos		 2019 (parliament)
 United Arab Emirates Political parties outlawed2019 (parliament)
 United Kingdom Multi-party Conservative Party
Labour (official opposition), SNP, Lib Dems, DUP, Sinn Féin, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Alba, Greens, Alliance		 2019 (general)
Northern Ireland Multi-party DUP, Sinn Féin, SDLP, UUP, Alliance
Greens, TUV, People Before Profit		 2017 (parliament)
 Scotland Multi-party Scottish National Party, Scottish Greens
Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats		 2021 (parliament)
 Wales Multi-party Labour
Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Lib Dems		 2021 (parliament)
 United States Two-party Democratic Party
Republican Party		 2020 (general)
 Uruguay Multi-party National Party, Colorado Party, CA, PI, Partido de la Gente
Broad Front, PERI		 2019 (general)
 Uzbekistan Multi-party UzLiDeP, Milliy Tiklanish
Justice Social Democratic Party, O'zXDP, Ecological Party		 2021 (presidential)
2019-20 (parliament)

V
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Vanuatu Multi-party Vanua'aku Pati, Union of Moderate Parties, NUP
GJP, Reunification Movement for Change, Leaders Party		 2020 (general)
 Vatican City Elective absolute monarchy; no parties; Catholic Church (de facto) 2013 papal conclave
 Venezuela Dominant-party GPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, others)
Democratic Alliance, United Venezuela Alliance, APR		 2020 (parliament)
2018 (presidential)
 Vietnam One-party Communist Party of Vietnam2021 (parliament)
 British Virgin Islands Multi-party Virgin Islands Party
NDP, Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, Progressives United		 2019 (general)
 U.S. Virgin Islands Multi-party Democratic Party
Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement		 2018 (gubernatorial)

W
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Wallis and Futuna Non-partisan democracy; no political parties2017 (legislative)
 Western Sahara One-party Polisario Front2012 (legislative)

Y
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Yemen Dominant-party General People's Congress
Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party		 2012 (presidential)
Houthi Yemen One-party Houthi movement 2014–15 takeover

Z
CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Zambia Multi-party United Party for National Development
Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress		 2021 (general)
 Zimbabwe Dominant-party Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
Movement for Democratic Change, National Patriotic Front		 2018 (general)

See also

Notes
  1. The Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus asserts that it is an opposition party, but supports the presidency of Alexander Lukashenko nonetheless.
  2. Small parties exist, but have no power.
  3. Iran's parties must adhere to a religious system of governance.
  4. Independent politicians dominate in Isle of Man's political system.
  5. Independent politicians dominate Jersey's political system.
  6. Independent pro-monarchy politicians dominate Jordan's political system.

References
  1. "Ny regering på Åland | Ålands landskapsregering". www.regeringen.ax. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
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