Quota Management System
The Quota Management System (QMS) is a type of individual fishing quota that is used in New Zealand to manage fish stocks.
New Zealand fishing industry
Seafood is one of New Zealand's largest export markets, with 85% of catches being exported. Over 90% of the total revenue raised by the country's fishing industry comes from exported stocks, raising NZ$3 billion annually.[1] The most valuable species is the hoki, Macruronus novaezelandiae.[1]
For the purposes of QMS, New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is divided into ten quota management regions. A separate quota is defined for each species in each region, depending on the species' distributions, ranging from a single fishing quota market for the hoki to eleven for the abalone Haliotis iris.[1]
History
New Zealand is "the world leader in implementing IFQs".[1] QMS was introduced by the Fisheries Amendment Act 1986,[2] initially covering 26 marine species.[1] The following year, it covered 30 species, and by 2005, it covered 93 species,[1] out of the 140 commercial species in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ).[2] These comprised 550 separate fishing quota markets.[1] QMS will eventually be extended to cover all living marine resources that are commercially exploited, including invertebrates, but excluding marine mammals.[1]
Total allowable commercial catch
| Species code | Name | TACC (kg)[3] |
|---|---|---|
| ANC | Anchovy | 560,000 |
| ANG | Freshwater eels | 420,150 |
| BAR | Barracouta | 32,672,461 |
| BCO | Blue cod | 2,681,496 |
| BIG | Bigeye tuna | 714,000 |
| BNS | Bluenose | 2,335,000 |
| BUT | Butterfish | 162,000 |
| BWS | Blue shark | 1,860,000 |
| BYA | Frilled venus shell | 16,000 |
| BYX | Alfonsino | 2,995,700 |
| CDL | Cardinalfish | 2,548,000 |
| CHC | Red crab | 48,000 |
| COC | Cockle | 3,214,000 |
| CRA | Spiny red rock lobster | 2,792,839 |
| DAN | Ringed dosinia | 203,000 |
| DSU | Silky dosinia | 8,000 |
| ELE | Elephant fish | 1,283,500 |
| EMA | Blue mackerel | 11,550,000 |
| FLA | Flatfish | 5,418,800 |
| FRO | Frostfish | 4,019,000 |
| GAR | Garfish | 50,000 |
| GLM | Green-lipped mussel | 1,720,000 |
| GMU | Grey mullet | 1,005,601 |
| GSC | Giant spider crab | 419,000 |
| GSH | Ghost shark | 3,012,000 |
| GSP | Pale ghost shark | 1,780,000 |
| GUR | Gurnard | 5,181,187 |
| HAK | Hake | 13,211,143 |
| HOK | Hoki | 120,010,000 |
| HOR | Horse mussel | 29,000 |
| HPB | Hapuku and bass | 2,181,600 |
| JDO | John Dory | 1,140,400 |
| JMA | Jack mackerel | 60,547,234 |
| KAH | Kahawai | 2,728,000 |
| KBB | Bladder kelp | 1,509,600 |
| KIC | King crab | 90,000 |
| KIN | Kingfish | 200,000 |
| KWH | Knobbed whelk | 67,000 |
| LDO | Lookdown dory | 783,000 |
| LEA | Leatherjacket | 1,431,000 |
| LFE | Long-finned eel | 82,000 |
| LIN | Ling | 22,226,000 |
| MAK | Mako shark | 406,000 |
| MDI | Trough shell | 160,000 |
| MMI | Large trough shell | 180,000 |
| MOK | Blue moki | 608,112 |
| MOO | Moonfish | 527,000 |
| OEO | Oreo | 18,860,000 |
| ORH | Orange roughy | 8,221,000 |
| OYS | Dredge oyster | 15,544,000 |
| PAD | Paddle crab | 765,000 |
| PAR | Parore | 84,000 |
| PAU | Paua | 1,058,499 |
| PDO | Deepwater tuatua | 629,000 |
| PHC | Packhorse rock lobster | 40,300 |
| PIL | Pilchard | 2,485,000 |
| POR | Porae | 71,000 |
| POS | Porbeagle | 215,000 |
| PPI | Pipi | 204,000 |
| PRK | Prawn killer | 36,000 |
| PTO | Patagonian toothfish | 49,500 |
| PZL | Deepwater clam | 31,500 |
| QSC | Queen scallop | 380,000 |
| RBM | Ray's bream | 980,000 |
| RBT | Redbait | 5,050,000 |
| RBY | Ruby fish | 812,000 |
| RCO | Red cod | 8,278,385 |
| RIB | Ribaldo | 1664,000 |
| RSK | Rough skate | 1,986,000 |
| RSN | Red snapper | 146,000 |
| SAE | Triangle shell | 725,000 |
| SBW | Southern blue whiting | 43,408,000 |
| SCA | Scallop | 841,000 |
| SCC | Sea cucumber | 35,000 |
| SCH | School shark | 3,436,100 |
| SCI | Scampi | 1,291,000 |
| SFE | Short-finned eel | 347,000 |
| SKI | Gemfish | 1,060,394 |
| SNA | Snapper | 6,357,300 |
| SPD | Spiny dogfish | 12,660,000 |
| SPE | Sea perch | 2,170,000 |
| SPO | Rig | 1,919,064 |
| SPR | Sprats | 450,000 |
| SQU | Arrow squid | 127,332,381 |
| SSK | Smooth skate | 849,000 |
| STA | Stargazer | 5,456,400 |
| STN | Southern bluefin tuna | 413,000 |
| SUR | Kina | 1,147,000 |
| SWA | Silver warehou | 1,0380,201 |
| SWO | Swordfish | 885,000 |
| TAR | Tarakihi | 6,439,173 |
| TOR | Pacific bluefin tuna | 116,000 |
| TRE | Trevally | 3,933,103 |
| TRU | Trumpeter | 144,000 |
| TUA | Tuatua | 43,000 |
| WAR | Blue warehou | 4,512,358 |
| WWA | White warehou | 3,735,000 |
| YEM | Yellow-eyed mullet | 68,000 |
| YFN | Yellowfin tuna | 263,000 |
References
- James Sanchirico & Richard Newell (2006). "Catching market efficiencies: quota-based fisheries management". In Wallace E. Oates (ed.). The RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Policy (2nd ed.). Resources for the Future/mrs. Schofeild. pp. 131–135. ISBN 978-1-933115-17-7.
- James MacGregor, Katia Karousakis & Ben Groom. Using Economic Incentives to Conserve CITES-listed Species. A Scoping Study on ITQs for Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea. IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-529-5.
- "Stock Status". New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
External links
- Ministry of Fisheries – The Quota Management System