Alpinia
Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants.[1] Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates.[2] Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.[3] Species of the genus are known generally as shell ginger.[3][4]
| Alpinia | |
|---|---|
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| Alpinia zerumbet | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae | 
| Clade: | Tracheophytes | 
| Clade: | Angiosperms | 
| Clade: | Monocots | 
| Clade: | Commelinids | 
| Order: | Zingiberales | 
| Family: | Zingiberaceae | 
| Subfamily: | Alpinioideae | 
| Tribe: | Alpinieae | 
| Genus: | Alpinia Roxb., 1810  | 
| Species | |
| 
 See text  | |
Description
    
These herbs lack true stems, but have pseudostems usually up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft) long which are composed of the overlapping leaf sheaths.[2][3] A few species have been known to reach 8 metres (26 ft).[5] They grow from thick rhizomes. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. The inflorescence takes the form of a spike, a panicle, or a raceme. It may be hooded in bracts and bracteoles. The flower has a shallowly toothed calyx which is sometimes split on one side. The flower corolla is a cylindrical tube with three lobes at the mouth, the middle lobe larger and hoodlike in some taxa. There is one fertile stamen and two staminodes, which are often joined into a petal-like labellum, a structure that is inconspicuous in some species and quite showy in others. The fruit is a rounded, dry or fleshy capsule.[2][3] The plants are generally aromatic due to their essential oils.[6]


Ecology
    
Most Alpinia are plants of forest understory habitat. Most are pollinated by large bees, but some are pollinated by birds and bats.[5]
Species
    
This is the largest genus in the ginger family,[5] with about 230 species.[2][3][5] A number of those are commonly grown for their flowers, and others are used as spices. Species include:[7]
- Alpinia abundiflora
 - Alpinia acrostachya
 - Alpinia acuminata
 - Alpinia aenea
 - Alpinia affinis
 - Alpinia agiokuensis
 - Alpinia alata
 - Alpinia albertisii
 - Alpinia albipurpurea
 - Alpinia allugas
 - Alpinia amentacea
 - Alpinia angustifolia
 - Alpinia annabellae
 - Alpinia antillarum
 - Alpinia apoensis
 - Alpinia aquatica
 - Alpinia arctiflora
 - Alpinia arfakensis
 - Alpinia arundelliana
 - Alpinia assimilis
 - Alpinia athroantha
 - Alpinia aurantiaca
 - Alpinia auriculata
 - Alpinia bambusifolia
 - Alpinia beamanii
 - Alpinia biakensis
 - Alpinia bicalyculata
 - Alpinia bifida
 - Alpinia bilamellata
 - Alpinia bisculata
 - Alpinia blepharocalyx
 - Alpinia blumei
 - Alpinia boia
 - Alpinia boninsimensis
 - Alpinia borneensis
 - Alpinia borraginoides
 - Alpinia brachyantha
 - Alpinia brachypoda
 - Alpinia bracteata
 - Alpinia breviligulata (Gagnep.)
 - Alpinia brevilabris
 - Alpinia brevis
 - Alpinia brevituba
 - Alpinia burkillii
 - Alpinia caerulea – Australian native ginger
 - Alpinia calcarata – heen araththa, cardamom ginger
 - Alpinia calcicola
 - Alpinia calycodes
 - Alpinia campanaria
 - Alpinia cannaefolium
 - Alpinia capitellata
 - Alpinia cardamomum-medium
 - Alpinia carinata
 - Alpinia carnea
 - Alpinia carolinensis
 - Alpinia celebica
 - Alpinia cernua
 - Alpinia chaunocolea
 - Alpinia chinensis
 - Alpinia chrysorachis
 - Alpinia coeruleoviridis
 - Alpinia colossea
 - Alpinia comosa
 - Alpinia conchigera – lesser alpinia
 - Alpinia condensata
 - Alpinia conferta
 - Alpinia congesta
 - Alpinia conghuaensis
 - Alpinia conglomerata
 - Alpinia copelandii
 - Alpinia corallina
 - Alpinia coriacea
 - Alpinia coriandriodora
 - Alpinia cornu-cervi
 - Alpinia cristata
 - Alpinia crocodocalyx
 - Alpinia cumingii
 - Alpinia cylindrocephala
 - Alpinia dasystachys
 - Alpinia decurva
 - Alpinia decurvata
 - Alpinia dekockii
 - Alpinia densespictata
 - Alpinia densibractetata
 - Alpinia densiflora
 - Alpinia diffissa
 - Alpinia divaricata
 - Alpinia dolichocephala
 - Alpinia domatifera
 - Alpinia dyeri
 - Alpinia edanoi
 - Alpinia elmeri
 - Alpinia elwesii
 - Alpinia emaculata
 - Alpinia engleriana
 - Alpinia eremochlamys
 - Alpinia eremochlamys
 - Alpinia euastra
 - Alpinia eubractea
 - Alpinia eustales
 - Alpinia exostylis
 - Alpinia flabellata
 - Alpinia flava
 - Alpinia flexistamen
 - Alpinia fluvitialis
 - Alpinia formosana
 - Alpinia foxworthyi
 - Alpinia fraseriana
 - Alpinia fusiformis
 - Alpinia gagnepainii
 - Alpinia galanga – greater galangal
 - Alpinia gigantea
 - Alpinia glabra
 - Alpinia glabrescens
 - Alpinia glacicaerulea
 - Alpinia globosa – round Chinese cardamom
 - Alpinia gracilis
 - Alpinia gracillima
 - Alpinia graminea
 - Alpinia grandiceps
 - Alpinia grandis
 - Alpinia guinanensis
 - Alpinia haenkei
 - Alpinia hagena
 - Alpinia hainanensis
 - Alpinia hamiltoniana
 - Alpinia hansenii
 - Alpinia havilandii
 - Alpinia hemsleyanan
 - Alpinia henryi
 - Alpinia hibinoi
 - Alpinia himantoglossa
 - Alpinia hirsuta
 - Alpinia hokutensis
 - Alpinia homeana
 - Alpinia hookeriana
 - Alpinia hulstijnii
 - Alpinia humilis
 - Alpinia hylandii
 - Alpinia illustris
 - Alpinia intermedia
 - Alpinia involucrata
 - Alpinia iriomotensis
 - Alpinia janowskii
 - Alpinia japonica
 - Alpinia javanica – Javanese alpinia
 - Alpinia jianganfeng
 - Alpinia jingxiensis
 - Alpinia kainantensis
 - Alpinia katsumadae
 - Alpinia kelungensis
 - Alpinia kermesina
 - Alpinia kiungensis
 - Alpinia kiushiana
 - Alpinia koidzumiana
 - Alpinia korthalsii
 - Alpinia koshunensis
 - Alpinia kumatahe
 - Alpinia kusshakuensis
 - Alpinia kwangsiensis
 - Alpinia laosensis
 - Alpinia latilabris
 - Alpinia lauterbachii
 - Alpinia laxiflora
 - Alpinia laxisecunda
 - Alpinia leptostachya
 - Alpinia ligulata
 - Alpinia linguiformis
 - Alpinia longepetiola
 - Alpinia luteo-carpa
 - Alpinia maclurei
 - Alpinia macrantha
 - Alpinia macrocarpa
 - Alpinia macrocephala
 - Alpinia macroscaphis
 - Alpinia macrostemon
 - Alpinia macroura
 - Alpinia maculata
 - Alpinia malaccensis – rathkihiriya
 - Alpinia manii
 - Alpinia manostachys
 - Alpinia martinii
 - Alpinia maxii
 - Alpinia mediomaculata
 - Alpinia melanocarpa – black-fruited alpinia
 - Alpinia menghaiensis
 - Alpinia mesanthera
 - Alpinia microlophon
 - Alpinia missionis
 - Alpinia modesta
 - Alpinia mollis
 - Alpinia mollissima
 - Alpinia molucana
 - Alpinia monopleura
 - Alpinia multispicata
 - Alpinia murdochii
 - Alpinia musaefedia
 - Alpinia mutica – small shell ginger, orchid ginger, narrow-leaved alpinia
 - Alpinia myriocratera
 - Alpinia nanchuanensis
 - Alpinia napoensis
 - Alpinia neesana
 - Alpinia nidus-vespae
 - Alpinia nieuwenhuizii
 - Alpinia nigra
 - Alpinia novae-hiberniae
 - Alpinia novae-pommeraniae
 - Alpinia nupiocratera
 - Alpinia nutans – dwarf cardamom, ginger lily, shell ginger
 - Alpinia oblongifolia
 - Alpinia oceanica
 - Alpinia odontonema
 - Alpinia officinarum – lesser galangal, Chinese ginger
 - Alpinia oligantha
 - Alpinia orchioides
 - Alpinia orthostachys
 - Alpinia ovata
 - Alpinia ovoidocarpa
 - Alpinia oxymitra
 - Alpinia oxyphylla – sharp-leaf galangal
 - Alpinia padacanca
 - Alpinia pahangensis
 - Alpinia papuana
 - Alpinia parviflora
 - Alpinia pectinata
 - Alpinia penduliflora
 - Alpinia penicillata
 - Alpinia petiolata – stalked-leaved alpinia
 - Alpinia philippinensis
 - Alpinia phoenicea
 - Alpinia pininga
 - Alpinia pinnanensis
 - Alpinia platychilus
 - Alpinia plectophylla
 - Alpinia plumieri
 - Alpinia polyantha
 - Alpinia porphyrea
 - Alpinia porphyrocarpa
 - Alpinia porrecta
 - Alpinia pricei
 - Alpinia psilogyna
 - Alpinia pterocalyx
 - Alpinia ptychanthera
 - Alpinia pulcherrima
 - Alpinia pumila
 - Alpinia punicea
 - Alpinia purpurata – red ginger
 - Alpinia pyramidata – Java galangal
 - Alpinia quadriloba
 - Alpinia racimigera
 - Alpinia racemosa
 - Alpinia rafflesiana – Raffles' alpinia
 - Alpinia rechingeri
 - Alpinia regia
 - Alpinia reticosa
 - Alpinia rheedii
 - Alpinia rigida
 - Alpinia rolfei
 - Alpinia romblonensis
 - Alpinia romburghiana
 - Alpinia rosacea
 - Alpinia roscoeana
 - Alpinia rosea
 - Alpinia rosella
 - Alpinia roxburghii
 - Alpinia rubella
 - Alpinia rubra
 - Alpinia rubricaulis
 - Alpinia rubromaculata
 - Alpinia salamonensis
 - Alpinia samoensis
 - Alpinia sanderae
 - Alpinia sandsii
 - Alpinia sasakii
 - Alpinia satsumensis
 - Alpinia schultzei
 - Alpinia schumanniana
 - Alpinia secunda
 - Alpinia secundiflora
 - Alpinia seimundii
 - Alpinia sericea
 - Alpinia sericiflora
 - Alpinia serrulata
 - Alpinia shimadae
 - Alpinia siamensis
 - Alpinia sibuyanensis
 - Alpinia silvicola
 - Alpinia simsii
 - Alpinia singuliflora
 - Alpinia smithiae
 - Alpinia spicata
 - Alpinia squarrosa
 - Alpinia stachyodes
 - Alpinia stapfiana
 - Alpinia stenobracteolata
 - Alpinia stenostachys
 - Alpinia striata
 - Alpinia strobilacea
 - Alpinia strobiliformis
 - Alpinia subfusicarpa
 - Alpinia submutica
 - Alpinia subspicata
 - Alpinia subverticillata
 - Alpinia suishaensis
 - Alpinia takaminei
 - Alpinia tamacuensis
 - Alpinia tomentosa
 - Alpinia tonkinensis
 - Alpinia tonrokuensis
 - Alpinia trachyascus
 - Alpinia tricolor
 - Alpinia tubulata
 - Alpinia unilateralis
 - Alpinia uraiensis
 - Alpinia uviformis
 - Alpinia valetoniana
 - Alpinia vanoverberghii
 - Alpinia velutina
 - Alpinia versicolor
 - Alpinia viridiflora
 - Alpinia vittata – variegate-ginger
 - Alpinia vitiensis
 - Alpinia vulcanica
 - Alpinia walang
 - Alpinia warburgii
 - Alpinia wenzelii
 - Alpinia werneri
 - Alpinia womerslyi
 - Alpinia wrayi
 - Alpinia zerumbet – shell ginger (synonym Alpinia speciosa)
 - Alpinia zingiberina
 
Gallery
    
Alpinia Calcarata

Alpinia calcarata

Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen' from Flower View[8]
See also
    
    
References
    
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alpinia. | 
- Simonetti, G. (1990). Stanley Schuler (ed.). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Herbs and Spices. Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-671-73489-X.
 - Alpinia. Flora of China.
 - Alpinia. Flora of North America.
 - Alpinia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
 - Kress, W. J., et al. (2005). "The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers". American Journal of Botany 92(1), 167-78.
 - Victório, C. P. (2011). "Therapeutic value of the genus Alpinia, Zingiberaceae". Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 21(1), 194-201.
 - Alpinia. The Plant List.
 - Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen'. "Alpinia hainanensis ' Shengzhen'". Flower View. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
 
