Hydronium perchlorate

Hydronium perchlorate is the chemical compound with the formula H3OClO4. It is an unusual salt due to it being a solid and stable hydronium salt.

Hydronium perchlorate
Names
Other names
  • Oxonium perchlorate
  • Perchloric acid monohydrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/ClHO4.H2O/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);1H2
    Key: AIUIJBDEQKTMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [OH3+].[O-][Cl](=O)(=O)=O
Properties
ClH3O5
Molar mass 118.47 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless solid
Density 1.96 g/cm3
Structure[1]
Orthorhombic
Pnma
a = 9.2343 Å, b = 5.8178 Å, c = 7.4606 Å
Related compounds
Other anions
 Hydronium chloride
Other cations
 Perchloric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Production

Hydronium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid and water in a 1:1 molar ratio:[2]

HClO4 + H2O → H3OClO4

This method was found to produce some byproducts and is not a reliable method. A more reliable method was reported by the cyclocondensation of sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenolate(produced by the reaction of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and sodium hydroxide in ethanol) and p-phenylenediamine via the sodium template method. It resulted in a yellow solid which was transmetallated with copper(II) perchlorate then refluxed in nitrogen for 1 hour. The resulting solution was filtered and cooled to form the colorless crystals of hydronium perchlorate.[1]

It can also be produced by the reaction of anhydrous nitric acid and perchloric acid.[3]

References
  1. Azhar A Rahman; Anwar Usman; Suchada Chantrapromma; Hoong-Kun Fun (2003). "Redetermination of hydronium perchlorate at 193 and 293 K". Acta Crystallographica C. 59 (Pt 9): i92-4. doi:10.1107/s0108270103010461. PMID 12944636.
  2. C. E. Nordman (1962). "The crystal structure of hydronium perchlorate at -80°C". Acta Crystallographica. 15: 18–23. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000055.
  3. Kenneth Schofield (1980). "3". Aromatic nitration. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780521233620.
Compounds containing perchlorate group
HClO4 He
LiClO4 Be(ClO4)2 B(ClO
4)−
4
B(ClO4)3		 ROClO3 N(ClO4)3
NH4ClO4
NOClO4		 H3OClO4 FClO4 Ne
NaClO4 Mg(ClO4)2 Al(ClO4)3
Al(ClO
4)−
4
Al(ClO
4)2−
5
Al(ClO
4)3−
6		 Si P S ClO−
4
ClOClO3
Cl2O7		 Ar
KClO4 Ca(ClO4)2 Sc(ClO4)3 Ti(ClO4)4 VO(ClO4)3
VO2(ClO4)		 Cr(ClO4)3 Mn(ClO4)2 Fe(ClO4)2 Co(ClO4)2,
Co(ClO4)3		 Ni(ClO4)2 Cu(ClO4)2 Zn(ClO4)2 Ga(ClO4)3 Ge As Se Br Kr
RbClO4 Sr(ClO4)2 Y(ClO4)3 Zr(ClO4)4 Nb(ClO4)5 Mo Tc Ru Rh(ClO4)3 Pd(ClO4)2 AgClO4 Cd(ClO4)2 In(ClO4)3 Sn(ClO4)4 Sb TeO(ClO4)2 I Xe
CsClO4 Ba(ClO4)2   Hf(ClO4)4 Ta(ClO4)5 W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg2(ClO4)2,
Hg(ClO4)2		 Tl(ClO4),
Tl(ClO4)3		 Pb(ClO4)2 Bi(ClO4)3 Po At Rn
FrClO4 Ra   Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
La Ce(ClO4)x Pr Nd Pm Sm(ClO4)3 Eu(ClO4)3 Gd(ClO4)3 Tb(ClO4)3 Dy(ClO4)3 Ho(ClO4)3 Er(ClO4)3 Tm(ClO4)3 Yb(ClO4)3 Lu(ClO4)3
Ac Th(ClO4)4 Pa UO2(ClO4)2 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
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