List of musical instruments

This is a list of musical instruments, including percussion, wind, stringed, and electronic instruments.

An assortment of musical instruments in an Istanbul music store.

Percussion instruments
Main article: List of idiophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
See also: List of percussion instruments and Percussion instrument
Instrument Photo Classification H-S Number Origin Common classification Relation
Afoxé
idiophones112.122Edo (Nigeria), Brazilunpitched percussion
Agogô
idiophones111.242Yorubaunpitched percussionbell
Agung
idiophones111.241.2Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippinesunpitched percussionslit drum
Angklung
idiophones111.232Indonesiapitched percussion
Babendil
idiophones111.242.1Philippinesunpitched percussion
Bak
idiophones111.12Korea
Bamileke log drum
idiophonesAfrica,[1] Asia[2]unpitched percussionslit drum
Balafon
idiophones111.212Africa, Burkina Faso, Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegalpitched percussionkeyboard
Batá drum
idiophones211.242.12Cuba, Nigeria, Yoruba
Cabasa
idiophones112.122percussion
Cajón
idiophones111.2Peruunpitched percussionbox drum
Carillon
idiophones111.242.2Belgium, Switzerlandpitched percussionbell
Castanets
idiophones111.141Spainunpitched percussion
Caxirola
idiophonesBrazilunpitched percussion
Caxixi
idiophones111.141West Africa, Brazil
Chácaras
idiophonesCanary Islandsunpitched percussion
Clapstick
idiophonesAustraliaunpitched percussionclave sticks
Claves
idiophones111.11Australiaunpitched percussionclave sticks
Cowbell
idiophones111.242Switzerlandunpitched percussionbell
Crotales
idiophones111.22pitched percussioncymbal
Cymbal
idiophonesRomaniaunpitched percussion
Ferrinho
idiophonesCape Verdeunpitched percussion
Flexatone
idiophones112.12pitched percussion
Octa-Vibraphone idiophonesUnited Statespercussionkeyboard
Gandingan
idiophonesPhilippines
Ghatam
idiophones111.24Indiaunpitched percussion
Glockenspiel
idiophones111.212France/Germanypitched percussionkeyboard
Gong
idiophonesBrunei, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Tibet
Güiro
idiophones112.23Cuba, Panamaunpitched percussion
Handpan
idiophones111.24pitched percussionsteelpan
Hang
idiophones111.24pitched percussion
Kayamb
idiophonesAfrica
Kemanak
idiophonesIndonesiaunpitched percussion
Khartal
idiophonesMauritius, Réunion
Kouxian
idiophones121.2China
Kulintang
idiophonesBrunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Maraca
idiophones112.1Venezuelaunpitched percussion
Marimba
idiophones111.212Africa, Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, & Costa Ricapitched percussionkeyboard
Mbira
idiophones122.1Africa, Equatorial Guinea, Zimbabwepitched percussionkeyboard
Pate
idiophones111.24Polynesiaslit drum
Shekere
idiophones112.122Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cuba, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegalpercussion
Slit drum
idiophones111.24
Spoon
idiophones111.14Greece, Russia, Turkeyunpitched percussion
Steelpan
idiophones111.24Trinidad & Tobagopitched percussionsteelpan
Tambourine
idiophones211.311Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech, Greece, Hungary, Iran, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emiratesunpitched percussionframe drum
Teponaztli
idiophones111.24El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexicoslit drum
Triangle
idiophones111.2Cajunsunpitched percussiontriangle
Trash Tube
idiophonesUnited Statesunpitched percussionGüiro
Txalaparta
idiophones111.222Basqueunpitched percussion
Vibraphone
idiophones111.222pitched percussionkeyboard
Vibraslap
idiophones112.12United States
Washboard
idiophonesCajuns, United Statesunpitched percussion
Wood block
idiophones111.24unpitched percussiondrum
Wooden fish
idiophones111.24China
Xylophone
idiophones111.212Ghana, Uganda, Zambiapitched percussionkeyboard
Zill
idiophones111.142Asia, Saudi Arabia, Turkeyunpitched percussion

Membranophones
Main article: List of membranophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
See also: List of percussion instruments
Instrument Classification H-S Number Origin Common classification Relation
Agida membranophones201.212Surinamepercussionbass drum
Alfaia membranophones211.212.1Brazilpercussion
Apinti membranophones211.212Surinamepercussiontenor drum
Arobapá membranophones211.21Cubapercussiondrum
Ashiko membranophones211.251.1Yorubapercussiondjembe
Atabaque membranophones211.221.1Brazilpercussion
Baboula membranophones211.221.1Grenadapercussionbarrel drum
Balaban membranophones211.311Montserratpercussionframe drum
Balsié membranophones2Dominican Republicpercussiondrum
Bamboula membranophones211.211.2Haitipercussiondrum
Bara membranophones211.11Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Malipercussion
Barrel drum membranophones211.222Cubapercussionbarrel drum
Barriles
  • buleador
  • primo
  • repicador
  • subidor
 membranophones211.221.2Puerto Ricopercussionbarrel drum
Bass drum membranophones211.212percussionbass drum
Bedug membranophones211.212.1Indonesiapercussion
Bodhrán membranophones211.321Ireland, Scotlandpercussionframe drum
Bongo drums membranophones211.251.2Cubapercussiondrum
Boobam membranophones211.211.1USpercussiontom-tom
Candombe
  • chico
  • repique
  • piano
 membranophones211.221.1Uruguaypercussionconga
Chenda (Chande)
  • Uruttu chenda
  • Veekku chenda
  • Acchan chenda
 membranophones211.212Indiapercussiondrum
Conga (Tumbadora)
  • ricardo (smallest)
  • requinto
  • quinto
  • conga
  • tumba
  • supertumba (largest)
 membranophones211.221.1Caribbeanpercussiondrum
Cuíca membranophones231.11Brazilpercussionfriction drum
Culoepuya membranophonesVenezuelapercussiondrum
Dabakan membranophones211.261.2Philippinespercussiongoblet drum
Daf (Dap, Def) membranophones211.311Iranpercussionframe drum
Damaru membranophones211.3India, Nepal, Tibetpercussiondrum
Davul (Dahol, Daul, Daouli, Dhaulli
  • Dohol
  • Tapan, Topan, Tupan
  • Tabl
  • Toba, Towla
  • Tof
 membranophones211.212Turkeypercussionbass drum
Dayereh membranophones211.311Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, North Macedonia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistanpercussiondrum
Den-den daiko membranophones2Japanpercussionbell
Dhak membranophonesBangladesh, Indiapercussion
Dhimay (Dhimaya) membranophones211.212Nepalpercussiondrum
Dhol membranophones211.212Asia, India, Pakistanpercussionbass drum
Dholak (Dholaki) membranophones211.222Asia, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lankapercussionbarrel drum
Dimdi membranophones211.311Indiapercussionframe drum
Djembe membranophones211.261.1West Africa, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegalpercussiongoblet drum
Dollu membranophones211.222.1Indiapercussionframe drum
Drum membranophonespercussion
Drum kit idiophones and membranophones1/2North Americanpercussiondrum
Dunun (Dundun) membranophones211.212.1West Africa, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegalpercussiondrum
Gran Cassa membranophones211.212Italypercussionbass drum
Goblet drum membranophones211.26Ancientpercussiondrum
Gong bass drum membranophonespercussion
Hira-daiko membranophones1Japanpercussiondrum
Idakka membranophones 211.242.1 Southern India percussion Talking drum
Ilimba drum membranophones211.11Zimbabwepercussiongourd drum
Ingoma
  • Ishakwe
  • Inyahura
  • Igihumurizo
 membranophones211.212Rwandapercussiondrum
Janggu (Janggo, changgo) membranophones211.242Koreapercussiondrum
Junjung membranophones2Gambia, Senegalpercussion
Kakko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Kanjira membranophones211.311Indiapercussionframe drum
Kebero membranophones2Ethiopiapercussion
Kendang (Gendang) membranophones211.222Brunei, Malaysia and Philippinespercussiondrum
Khol (Mrdanga) membranophones211.232Indiapercussiondrum
Krakebs membranophones2Algeria, Berbers, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisiapercussion
Lambeg drum membranophones211.212Irelandpercussionbass drum
Madhalam membranophones211.212Indiapercussionmridangam
Madal membranophones211.212India, Nepalpercussiondrum
Maddale membranophones211.212Indiapercussionmridangam
Maktoum (maktoom, katem) membranophones2Afro-Arabpercussiondrum
Maram membranophonesIndiapercussiondrum
Mirwas membranophonesBahrain, Brunei, Indonesia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemenpercussion
Mridangam membranophones211.212Indiapercussiondrum
Nagara membranophones2Asia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistanpercussiondrum
Naqareh membranophones2Azerbaijan, India, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistanpercussiondrum
O-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Okedo-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Octaban membranophones211.211.1USpercussionboobam
Padayani thappu membranophones211.311Indiapercussionframe drum
Pakhavaj membranophones211.212Indiapercussionmridangam
Pandero membranophones211.3Dominicanpercussionframe drum
Parai membranophones211.311Indiapercussionframe drum
Qilaut membranophones2North American, Nunavutpercussion
Rebana membranophones211.311Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysiapercussionframe drum
Sabar membranophones2Gambia, Senegalpercussiondrum
Sambal membranophones2Indiapercussiondrum
Samphor membranophones2Cambodiapercussionbarrel drum
Shime-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Snare drum membranophones211.212.11percussiondrum
Surdo membranophones2Brazilpercussionbass drum
Tabla membranophones211.12Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lankapercussiondrum
Taiko membranophones211.12Japanpercussiondrum
Talking drum membranophones211.241.2West Africa, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Yorubapercussiondrum
Tsukeshime-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Tambor huacana idiophones or membranophones1/2Mexicopercussiondrum
Tambori membranophones1/2Andorra, Catalonia, Spainpercussiondrum
Tamborim membranophones211.311Brazilpercussiondrum
Tamborita calentana (Mexico) membranophones1/2Mexicopercussiondrum
Tambou bas a dé fas membranophones211.212.2Guadeloupepercussionbass drum
Tambou bas a yon fas membranophones211.221-7Guadeloupepercussionbass drum
Tan-tan membranophones2Brazilpercussiondrum
Taphon membranophones2Thailandpercussiondrum
Tar membranophones211.311Saudi Arabiapercussionframe drum
Tbilat membranophones2Morocco, Saudi Arabiapercussion
Thavil membranophones2Indiapercussiondrum
Timbales membranophones2Cubapercussiondrum
Timpani (kettledrum) membranophones211.11-922percussiondrum
Tom-tom membranophones211.212.1percussiondrum
Tombak membranophones2Iranpercussiondrum
Tsuzumi membranophones1/2Japanpercussiondrum
Tsuri-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum
Repique membranophones2Brazilpercussiondrum
Uchiwa-daiko membranophones2Japanpercussiondrum

Other:

Wind instruments (aerophones)
Main article: List of aerophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
See also: List of woodwind instruments and Brass instrument
Instrument Classification H-S Number Origin Common classification Relation
Aztec Death Whistle aerophonesxMexicoaerophonewhistle
Accordina (instrument) aerophones412.132Italyfree reed instrumentsclarinet
Accordion aerophones412.132Europefree reed instrumentsaccordion
Accordola aerophones412.132United States of Americafree reed instrumentsmouth organ
Air horn aerophones423Plosive?Trumpet
Alboka aerophones422.2Basque Countryreed instrumentsclarinet
Algaita aerophonesNigerreed instruments
Alphorn aerophones423.121.22Switzerlandwoodwindsnatural trumpet
Alto horn aerophones423.232Belgiumbrass instrumentstrumpet
Arghul aerophones422.2Egypt, Syria, Turkeyreed instrumentsclarinet
Atenteben aerophones422.2Ghanawoodwindsflute
Aulos aerophonesreed instruments
Bagpipe aerophones422Europereed instrumentsbagpipe
Balaban aerophones422.111.2Azerbaijan, Iranreed instrumentsoboe, duduk
Bandoneón aerophones412.132Latin Americafree reed instrumentsaccordion
Bansuri aerophones421.121.12Indiawoodwindsflute
Baritone horn aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Baritone voice aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Bassoon aerophones422.112.2–71Western Europereed instrumentsoboe
Bawu aerophones412.131Chinafree reed instrumentspitch pipe
Bayan aerophones412.132Russiafree reed instrumentsaccordion
Bazooka aerophones423.121.11brass instrumentstrumpet
Beatboxing aerophones43vocal techniqueshuman voice
Bifora aerophones422.11Italy (Sicily)reed instrumentsoboe
Birbynė aerophones422.112.2Lithuaniareed instrumentsoboe
Blul aerophones421.111.12Greecewoodwindsend-blown flute, kaval
Blown bottle aerophones
Bombarde
  • Chromatic bombarde
 aerophones422.112.2Francereed instrumentsoboe
Buccina aerophones423.121.21Italy (Ancient Rome)brass instrumentstrumpet
Bugle aerophones423.121.22Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Bullroarer aerophones41Ancient civilizationsnoise makerssirens
Calliope aerophones421.222.3Western Europe/North Americafipple flutesorgan
Castrato aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Chalumeau aerophones422.2Francereed instrumentsclarinet
Cimbasso aerophones423.232Italybrass instrumentstrombone
Clarinets aerophones422.2Germanyreed instrumentsclarinet
Clarytone aerophones421.221South Africafipple flutestin whistle
Concertina aerophones412.132Europefree reed instrumentsaccordion
Conch aerophones423.111trumpetsconch
Cornamuse aerophones422.111.2Europereed instrumentsoboe
Cornet aerophones423.232Francebrass instrumentstrumpet
Cornett aerophones423.2Northern Europenatural trumpetstrumpet
Cornu aerophones423.121.21Italy (Ancient Rome)brass instrumentstrumpet
Corrugaphone aerophones411noise makerswhip
Countertenor aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Cromorne aerophones422.11Francereed instrumentsoboe
Crumhorn aerophones422.111.2Western Europereed instrumentsoboe
Danso aerophones421.111.12Koreawoodwindsend-blown flute
Death growl aerophones43England vocal techniqueshuman voice
Didgeridoo aerophones423.121.11Australianatural trumpetstrumpet
Diple (or dvojnice) aerophones422.21/22Croatiareed instrumentsbagpipe
Dizi aerophones421.121.12Chinawoodwindsflute
Double bell euphonium aerophones423.232United States of Americabrass instrumentstrumpet
Doulophone/cuprophone aerophones423.121.22USbrass instrumentstrumpet
Duduk aerophones422.111.2Armeniareed instrumentsoboe
Dulcian aerophones422.112.2Western Europereed instrumentsbassoon
Dulzaina aerophones422.112.2Spainreed instrumentsoboe
Dung-Dkar aerophones423.111Tibettrumpetsconch
Dzhamara aerophones421.111.12Greecewoodwindsend-blown flute, kaval
English horn aerophones422.112.-71Western Europereed instrumentsoboe
Euphonium aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Fife aerophones421.121.12Portugal, Switzerlandwoodwindsflute
Firebird (trumpet) aerophones423.21/22Canadabrass instrumentstrumpet, slide trumpet
Fiscorn aerophones423.231Spainbrass instrumentstrumpet
Flabiol aerophones421.221.12Aragon, Balearic Islands, Spainfipple flutesrecorder
Flageolet aerophones421.221.12Francefipple flutesrecorder
Flatt trumpet aerophones423.21/22Englandbrass instrumentstrumpet, slide trumpet
Flugelhorn aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Flumpet aerophones423.233USbrass instrumentstrumpet
Flutina aerophones412.132Europefree reed instrumentsaccordion
Flute aerophonesFrancewoodwindsflute
Folgerphone aerophones422.2United States of Americareed instrumentsclarinet
French horn aerophones423.232Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Fujara aerophones421.221.12Slovakiafipple flutesrecorder
Gaida aerophones422Balkans, Southeast Europereed instrumentsbagpipe
Gaita gastoreña aerophonesAndalusiahornpipe
Garmon aerophones412.132Russia, Tatarstanfree reed instrumentsaccordion
Gemshorn aerophones421.221.42Germanyfipple flutesocarina
Gralla aerophones422.112Spainreed instrumentsoboe, shawm,
Guan
  • Guanzi
  • Houguan
 aerophones422.111.2Chinareed instrumentsoboe
Hano aerophones421.111.12Hawaiiwoodwindsnose flute
Harmoneon aerophones421.132Hawaiifree reed instrumentsaccordion
Harmonica aerophones412.132Germanyfree reed instrumentsharmonica
Harmonium aerophones412.132Denmarkfree reed instrumentsreed organ
Heckelphone aerophones422.112.2Germanyreed instrumentsoboe, English horn
Helicon aerophones423.232Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Horagai aerophones423.111.2Japantrumpetsconch
Hosaphone aerophones423.1natural trumpetstube trumpet
Hotchiku aerophones421.111.12Japanwoodwindsend-blown flute
Hulusi aerophones412.132Chinafree reed instrumentsharmonica
Hun aerophones421.221.42Koreafipple flutesocarina
Inci aerophones421.221.12Philippinesfipple flutestumpong
Irish flute aerophones421.121.12Irelandwoodwindsflute
Jug aerophones423.111.1North Americatrumpetsconch
Kagurabue aerophones421.121.12Japanwoodwindsflute
Kalaleng aerophones421.111.12Philippineswoodwindsnose flute
Kaval aerophones421.111.12Bashkortostan, Turkeywoodwindsend-blown flute
Kazoo aerophones–USWoodwindWhistle
Kèn bầu aerophones422.112.2Vietnamreed instrumentsoboe, suona
Key bugle aerophones423.21brass instrumentstrumpet
Khene aerophones412.132Laosfree reed instrumentsharmonica
Khloy aerophones421.221.12Cambodiafipple flutesrecorder
Khlui aerophones421.221.12Thailandfipple flutesrecorder
Komabue aerophones421.121.12Japanwoodwindsflute
Kombu aerophonesIndiawoodwinds
Koncovka aerophones421.221.12Slovakiafipple flutesrecorder
Kortholt aerophones421.Europecapped reedcrumhorn
Koudi aerophones421.121.12Chinawoodwindsflute
Kuhlohorn aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Kuzhal aerophonesIndiareed instruments
Launeddas aerophones422.2Italy, Sardiniareed instrumentsclarinet
Livenka aerophones412.132Russiafree reed instrumentsaccordion
Lur aerophones423.121.22Denmark, Norwaynatural trumpetstrumpet
Lusheng aerophones412.132Chinafree reed instrumentsharmonica
Lituus aerophones423.1Europenatural trumpetstrumpet
Mellophone aerophones423.232Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Melodica aerophones412.132Italyfree reed instrumentsreed organ
Melodeon aerophones412.132USfree reed instrumentsreed organ
Mezzo-soprano aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Mijwiz aerophones422.2Saudi Arabiareed instrumentsclarinet
Mizmar aerophones422.112.2Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Tunisiareed instrumentsoboe
Mizwad aerophonesSaudi Arabiareed instrumentsbagpipe
Musette de cour aerophones422Francereed instrumentsbagpipe
Nadaswaram aerophones422.112.2South Indiareed instrumentsoboe, shehnai
Nagak aerophones423.111Koreatrumpetsconch
Natural trumpet aerophones423.1Denmark, Norwaybrass instruments
Ney aerophones421.111.12Iranwoodwindsend-blown flute
Nguru aerophones421.111.12New Zealandwoodwindsnose flute
Nohkan aerophones421.121.12Iranwoodwindsflute
Nose flute aerophones421.111.12Polynesia, Africa, East Asiawoodwindsnose flute
Nplooj aerophones421.111.12Hmong people (China)woodwindsleaf
Nulophone aerophones421.111.12Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)woodwindsflute
Oboes: aerophones422.112-71Western Europereed instrumentsoboe
Ocarina
  • Transverse ocarina
  • Pendant ocarina
  • Inline ocarina
  • Multi chambered ocarina
  • Keyed ocarina
  • Slide ocarina
 aerophones421.221.42Italyfipple flutesocarina
Octavin aerophones422.2Germanyreed instrumentsclarinet
Ophicleide aerophones423.21Francebrass instrumentstrumpet
Paixiao aerophones421.112Chinawoodwindspan flute
Palendag aerophones421.111.12Philippineswoodwindsend-blown flute
Pan flute aerophones421.112South Americawoodwindspan flute
Pasiyak or water whistle aerophones4Philippinesfipple flutesrecorder
Pavari aerophones421.121.12Indiawoodwindsflute
Pibgorn aerophones422.2Walesreed instrumentsclarinet
Picco pipe aerophones421.221.12Western Europefipple flutesrecorder
Piccolo aerophones421.121.12Western Europewoodwindsflute
Piccolo trumpet aerophones423.232Western Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Pipe organ (diaphone pipes) aerophones412.132free reed instrumentsreed organ/recorder
Pipe organ (flue pipes) aerophones421.221.11fipple flutesrecorder
Pipe organ (free reed pipes) aerophones412.132free reed instrumentsreed organ
Pipe organ (reed pipes) aerophones422.112reed instrumentsorgan
Pitch pipe aerophones412.131free reed instrumentspitch pipe
Pocket cornet aerophones423.232brass instrumentstrumpet
Pocket trumpet aerophones423.232United States of Americabrass instrumentstrumpet
Post horn aerophones423.121.22Western Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Pu aerophones423.111Polynesiatrumpetsconch
Pulalu aerophones421.111.12Philippineswoodwindsend-blown flute, palendag
Qeej aerophones421.111.12Hmong people (China)woodwindsend-blown flute
Quena aerophones421.111.12South Americawoodwindsend-blown flute
Quinticlave aerophones423.21brass instrumentstrumpet, ophicleide
Raj aerophones412.132Hmong people (China)free reed instrumentsharmonica
Rackett aerophones422.111.2Western Europereed instrumentsoboe
Ralé-poussé aerophonesRéunionfree reed instrumentsaccordion
Rauschpfeife aerophones422.112.2Europereed instrumentsoboe
Recorder
  • Garklein
  • Sopranino
  • Descant
  • Treble or alto
  • Tenor
  • Bass
  • Great bass
  • Contra bass
  • Subcontra bass
  • Sub-subcontrabass
  • Venova
 aerophones421.221.12Germanyfipple flutesrecorder
Reed contrabass aerophones422.112.2Belgiumreed instrumentsoboe
Reed organ aerophones412.132free reed instrumentsreed organ
Rhaita aerophones422.112.2Northern Africareed instrumentsoboe
Robero aerophones422.2Spainreed instrumentsclarinet
Roman tuba aerophones423.121.11Etruscanbrass instrumentstrumpet
Ryuteki aerophones421.121.12Japanwoodwindsflute
Sac de gemecs aerophonesAndorra, Cataloniabagpipe
Sackbut
  • Alto sackbut
  • Tenor sackbut
  • Bass sackbut
  • Double bass sackbut
 aerophones423.22Francebrass instrumentstrombone
Saenghwang aerophones412.132Koreafree reed instrumentsharmonica
Samponia aerophones421.112Peruwoodwindspan flute
Saratovskaya garmonika aerophones412.132Russiafree reed instrumentsaccordion
Sarrusophones aerophones422.112.2Francereed instrumentsoboe
Saxophones aerophones422.2Belgiumreed instrumentsclarinet
Saxhorn aerophones423.231Belgiumbrass instrumentstrumpet
Saxotromba aerophones423.231Belgiumbrass instrumentstrumpet
Saxtuba aerophones423.231Belgiumbrass instrumentstrumpet
Scat singing aerophones43vocal techniqueshuman voice
Schwyzerörgeli aerophones412.132Switzerlandfree reed instrumentsaccordion
Serpent aerophones423.21Francebrass instrumentstrumpet, cornett
Shakuhachi aerophones421.111.12Japanwoodwindsend-blown flute
Shankha aerophones423.111Indiatrumpetsconch
Shawm aerophones422.112.2Switzerlandreed instrumentsoboe
Shehnai aerophones422.112.2North Indiareed instrumentsoboe
Sheng aerophones412.132Chinafree reed instrumentsharmonica
Shinobue aerophones421.121.12Japanwoodwindsflute
Shofar aerophones423.121.21Levantnatural trumpetstrumpet
Shō aerophones412.132Japanfree reed instrumentsharmonica
Shvi aerophones421.221.12Armeniafipple flutesrecorder
Siku aerophones421.112Boliviawoodwindspan flute
Siren aerophones41Scotlandnoise makerssiren
Slide trumpet
  • Medieval slide trumpet
  • Renaissance slide trumpet
  • Baroque slide trumpet
 aerophones423.21/22Europebrass instrumentstrumpet
Slide whistle
  • Jazz flute
  • Swanee whistle
 aerophones421.121.312Englandfipple fluteswhistle
Sneng aerophones422.212Cambodiareed instrumentshornpipe
Sodina aerophones421.111.12Madagascarwoodwindsend-blown flute
Sopila aerophones422.112.2Croatiareed instrumentsoboe
Soprano aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Sorna aerophones422.112.2Iranreed instrumentsoboe
Sousaphone aerophones423.232USbrass instrumentstrumpet, tuba
Sralai aerophones422.112.2Cambodiareed instrumentsoboe
Sudrophone aerophones423.21Francebrass instrumentstrumpet, ophicleide
Suling aerophones421.111.12Indonesia/Philippineswoodwindsend-blown flute
Suona
  • Laba
  • Haidi
 aerophones422.112.2Chinareed instrumentsoboe
Superbone aerophones423.22Canadabrass instrumentstrombone
Swordblade aerophones411noise makerswhip
Tabor pipe aerophones421.221.12Western Europefipple flutesrecorder
Taepyeongso aerophones422.112.2Koreareed instrumentsoboe, suona,
Tarogato aerophones422.112-71Central Europereed instrumentsoboe, suona,
Tenor aerophones43vocal registershuman voice
Tenora aerophones422.112Spainreed instrumentsoboe, shawm,
Throat singing aerophones43vocal techniqueshuman voice
Tible aerophones422.112Spainreed instrumentsoboe, shawm,
Tin whistle aerophones421.221.12Celticfipple flutesrecorder
Toasting aerophones43vocal techniquehuman voice
Tonette aerophones421.111.12North Americawoodwindsend-blown flute
Trikiti aerophones412.132Spainfree reed instrumentsaccordion
Trombones aerophones423.22Western Europebrass instrumentstrombone
Tromboon aerophones422.112.2USreed instrumentsbassoon, trombone
Trompeta china aerophones422.112.2Cubareed instrumentsoboe, suona,
Trumpets aerophones423.232brass instrumentstrumpet
Tuba aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Tube trumpet aerophones423.1natural trumpetstrumpet
Tumpong aerophones421.111.12Philippineswoodwindsend-blown flute
Tungso aerophones421.111.12Koreawoodwindsend-blown flute
Tutek aerophones4Azerbaijanwoodwindsflute
Txistu aerophones421.221.12Spainfipple flutesrecorder
Uilleann pipes aerophones422Irelandreed instrumentsbagpipe
Venu aerophones421.121.12South Indiawoodwindsflute
Vibrandoneon (instrument) aerophones412.132Italyfree reed instrumentsclarinets
Vienna horn aerophones423.232Austriabrass instrumentstrumpet, French horn
Vocal percussion aerophones43vocal techniqueshuman voice
Vuvuzela aerophones423.121.22South-Africanatural trumpetstrumpet
Wagner tuba aerophones423.232Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet
Washint aerophones421.111.12Ethiopiawoodwindsend-blown flute
Western concert flutes aerophones421.121.12Western Europewoodwindsflute
Whip aerophones411noise makerswhip
Whistle aerophones421.221.11fipple fluteswhistle
Willow flute aerophones421.221.11Scandinaviafipple flutesrecorder
Xeremia aerophonesBalearic Islandsbagpipe
Xiao aerophones421.111.12Chinawoodwindsend-blown flute
Xun aerophones421.221.42Chinafipple flutesocarina
Yotar aerophones4woodwindsflute
Yu aerophones412.132Chinafree reed instrumentsharmonica
Zhaleika aerophones422.2Russiareed instrumentsclarinet
Zufolo aerophones421.111.12Italyfipple flutesrecorder
Zugtrompete aerophones423.21/22Germanybrass instrumentstrumpet, slide trumpet
Zurna (Turkey)
  • Surnay
 aerophones422.112.2Turkeyreed instrumentsoboe

Stringed instruments (chordophones)
Main article: List of chordophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
See also: List of string instruments
Instrument Classification H-S Number Origin Common classification Relation
Adungu chordophones3Ugandastringed instruments
Aeolian harp chordophones3Germanystringed instruments
Ajaeng chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Akkordolia chordophones3Austria, Germanystringed instruments
Algerian mandole chordophones321.322Algeria, Berbers, Saudi Arabia, Tunisiastringed instruments
Angélique chordophones321.321stringed instruments
Appalachian dulcimer chordophones3Germany, United Statesstringed instruments
Arbajo chordophones321.321-6Nepalstringed instruments
Archlute chordophones321.321Western Europestringed instruments
Arpeggione chordophones3Austriastringed instruments
Autoharp chordophones3USstringed instruments
Bağlama chordophones321.321Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kurdistan, Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistanstringed instruments
Bajo sexto chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Balalaika chordophones321.321Russiastringed instruments
Bandola chordophones321.322Colombia, Venezuelastringed instruments
Bandolin chordophones3Ecuadorstringed instruments
Bandolón chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Bandura chordophones321.321Ukrainestringed instruments
Bandora chordophones321.321stringed instruments
Bandurria chordophones321.321Aragon, Philippines, Spainstringed instruments
Banhu chordophones321.321Chinastringed instruments
Banjo
  • Banjo cello
  • Bass banjo
  • Five-stringed banjo
    • Bluegrass banjo
  • Four-stringed banjo
    • Plectrum banjo
  • Six-stringed banjo
  • Tenor banjo
  • Zither banjo
 chordophones3North Americastringed instruments
Banjo ukulele chordophones3USstringed instruments
Barbat chordophones321.321Armenia, Iranstringed instruments
Baryton chordophones3Englandstringed instruments
Berimbau chordophones3Brazilstringed instruments
Bipa chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Biwa chordophones321.321Japanstringed instruments
Bordonua chordophones3Puerto Ricostringed instruments
Bouzouki chordophones321.321Greecestringed instruments
Buzuq chordophones321.321Saudi Arabiastringed instruments
Carimba chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Cavaquinho chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Cello (violoncello) chordophones3stringed instruments
Chapman stick chordophones3USstringed instruments
Charangos chordophones321.321Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru,stringed instruments
Chitarra battente chordophones3Italystringed instruments
Chitarra Italiana chordophones321.322stringed instruments
Choghur chordophones3Azerbaijanstringed instruments
Cimbalom chordophones3Central and Eastern Europestringed instruments
Cimboa chordophones321.322Cape Verdestringed instruments
Citole chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Cittern chordophones321.322England, Scotland, Switzerlandstringed instruments
Clavichord chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Clavinet chordophones3USAstringed instruments
Concheras
  • mandolinos de concheros or mandolina conchera
  • vihuelas de concheros or vihuela conchera
  • guitarras de concheros or guitarra conchera
 chordophones321.321-6Mexicostringed instrumentscharango, mandolin, Mexican vihuela, guitar
Contraguitar chordophones3stringed instruments
Crwth (Crowd) chordophones3Walesstringed instruments
Cuatro chordophones3Latin Americastringed instruments
Cümbüş chordophones3Turkeystringed instruments
Đàn bầu chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn đáy chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn gáo chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn nguyệt chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn tam thập lục chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn tranh chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Đàn tỳ bà chordophones3Vietnamstringed instruments
Diddley bow chordophones3USstringed instruments
Dihu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Dombra chordophones321.321Azerbaijan, Bashkortostan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tatarstan, Uzbekistanstringed instruments
Domra chordophones321.321Russiastringed instruments
Doshpuluur chordophones321.322Tuvastringed instruments
Dotara chordophones321.321-6Bangladeshstringed instruments
Double bass
  • Five-string double bass
 chordophones321.322-71Western Europestringed instruments
Dreadnought chordophones3stringed instruments
Dulcimer chordophones3Englandstringed instruments
Dutar chordophones321.322Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistanstringed instruments
Duxianqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Ektara chordophones33-5India, Pakistanstringed instruments
Erhu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Erxian chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Esraj chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Faglong/Fuglung chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Fegereng chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Fiddle chordophones321.322-71Western Europestringed instruments
Gaohu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Gayageum chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Geomungo chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Gittern chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Gottuvadhyam chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Guitars: chordophones3Spain, et alstringed instruments
Guitarra de golpe chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Guitarra panzona chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Guitarra séptima chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Guitarro chordophones3Andalusia, Aragon, Spainstringed instruments
Gusli chordophones3Russiastringed instruments
Guqin chordophones312.22Chinastringed instruments
Guzheng chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Haegeum chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Hammered dulcimer chordophones3Austria, England, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, United Statesstringed instruments
Hardanger fiddle chordophones3Norwaystringed instruments
Harmonico chordophones3stringed instruments
Harp chordophones3Worldwidestringed instruments
Harp guitar chordophones3France stringed instruments
Harpsichord chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Hegelong chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Huapanguera chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Huluhu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Huqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Hurdy-gurdy chordophones3Austria, Belarus, Czech, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukrainestringed instruments
Icelandic fiddle (fiðla) chordophones321.321-6Icelandstringed instruments
Igil chordophones321.321Tuvastringed instruments
Irish bouzouki chordophones321.322Greece, Irelandstringed instruments
Janzi chordophones3Ugandastringed instruments
Jarana jarocho chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Jarana huasteca chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Jarana mosquito chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Jarana segunda chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Jarana tercera chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Jiaohu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Kabosy chordophones3Madagascarstringed instruments
Kadlong chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Kamancha chordophones3Persiastringed instruments
Kantele chordophones314.122-5Finlandstringed instruments
Kemenche chordophones3Turkeystringed instruments
Khim chordophones3Thailand/Cambodiastringed instruments
Kobza chordophones3Ukrainestringed instruments
Kokle chordophones314.122-5Latviastringed instruments
Kokyū chordophones3Japanstringed instruments
Komuz chordophones3Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Hungary, Khakassia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistanstringed instruments
Kora chordophones3West Africastringed instruments
Koto chordophones3Japanstringed instruments
Kubing chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Kudyapi chordophones3Philippinesstringed instruments
Kwitra chordophones3Algeria, Saudi Arabiastringed instruments
Langeleik chordophones3Norwaystringed instruments
Laouto chordophones321.321-6Greecestringed instruments
Laruan chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Laúd chordophones321.321Cuba, Philippines, Spainstringed instruments
Lavta chordophones321.321-6Armenia, Greece, Turkeystringed instruments
Leiqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Leona chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Lirone chordophones3Italystringed instruments
Liuqin chordophones321.321Chinastringed instruments
Lokanga chordophones3Madagascarstringed instruments
Lute chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Lute guitar chordophones3Germanystringed instruments
Lyra (Cretan) chordophones3Greecestringed instruments
Lyra (Byzantine) chordophones3Byzantine Empirestringed instruments
Lyre chordophones321.2England, Greecestringed instruments
Maguhu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Mandobass chordophones3stringed instruments
Mandola chordophones3stringed instruments
Mandolin chordophones321.321-6 or 321.322-6Bashkortostan, Brazil, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Ukraine, United States, Venezuelastringed instruments
Mandolute chordophones3stringed instruments
Mandora chordophones321.321Central Europestringed instruments
Mandore chordophones321.321Francestringed instruments
Marovany chordophones3Madagascarstringed instruments
Mejoranera chordophones321.322Panamastringed instruments
Mexican vihuela chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Mohan veena chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Moraharpa chordophonesSwedenstringed instruments
Morin khuur chordophones3Mongolia, Tuvastringed instruments
Musical bow chordophones3South Africastringed instruments
Nyckelharpa chordophones321.322-71Swedenstringed instruments
Octobass chordophones3Francestringed instruments
Oud chordophones321.321-6Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Iran, Kurdistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkeystringed instruments
Paqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Piano (pianoforte) chordophones3Italystringed instruments
Pipa chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Piwancha chordophones3Nepalstringed instruments
Pochette chordophones3stringed instruments
Portuguese guitar chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Psaltery chordophones3Greecestringed instruments
Qanun chordophones3Armenia, Egypt, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Turkeystringed instruments
Qinqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Rabeca chordophones3Brazilstringed instruments
Rajão chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Ravanahatha chordophones4Sri Lanka, Indiastringed instruments
Rebab chordophones3Afghanistanstringed instruments
Rebec chordophones321.21-71Italy, Switzerlandstringed instruments
Requinto jarocho chordophones3Mexicostringed instruments
Rubab chordophones3Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistanstringed instruments
Ruan
  • Gaoyinruan
  • Xiaoruan
  • Zhongruan
  • Daruan
  • Diyinruan
 chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Rudra vina chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Sallameh chordophones3Iranstringed instruments
Sanshin chordophones3Okinawastringed instruments
Santoor chordophones3Iranstringed instruments
Sanxian chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Sarangi chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Šargija chordophones321.321Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbiastringed instruments
Sarod chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Saung chordophones3Burmastringed instruments
Saw sam sai chordophones3Thailandstringed instruments
Se chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Seul chordophones3Koreastringed instruments
Setar (lute) chordophones321.321Azerbaijan, Iranstringed instruments
Shamisen chordophones3Japanstringed instruments
Sintir chordophones3Algeria, Moroccostringed instruments
Sitar chordophones321.321Indiastringed instruments
Sitarla chordophones3Japanstringed instruments
Surbahar chordophones321.321Indiastringed instruments
Swarmandal chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Tamburica chordophones321.321Croatia/Serbiastringed instruments
Tambur chordophones3Iran, Kurdistan,stringed instruments
Tanpura chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Tar (lute) chordophones3Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kurdistan,stringed instruments
Tea chest bass chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Tembûr chordophones3curdo-persianostringed instruments
Theorbo chordophones321.321Europestringed instruments
Timple chordophones3Canary Islandsstringed instruments
Tiple chordophones321.322Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spainstringed instruments
Tovshuur chordophones321.321Altai, Khakassia, Mongolia, Tuvastringed instruments
Tres
  • Tres Cubano
  • Tres Puerto Rico
 chordophones321.322Cubastringed instruments
Tricordia chordophones321.321stringed instruments
Tro chordophones3Cambodiastringed instruments
Trumpet marine/tromba marina chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Tsymbaly chordophones3Ukraine, Belarusstringed instruments
Tuhu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Tzouras chordophones321.321Greecestringed instruments
Ukulele chordophones321.322Portugal/Hawaiistringed instruments
Ukelin chordophones3stringed instruments
Valiha chordophones3Madagascarstringed instruments
Veena chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Vertical viola (and other members of the violin octet family) chordophones3stringed instruments
Vichitra veena chordophones3Indiastringed instruments
Vielle chordophones3Western Europestringed instruments
Vihuela chordophones3Spainstringed instruments
Viol chordophones321.322-71Spainstringed instruments
Viola da gamba (see Viol) chordophones3stringed instruments
Viola amarantina chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Viola bastarda chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Viola beiroa chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Viola caipira chordophones3Brazilstringed instruments
Viola d'amore chordophones3stringed instruments
Viola da terra chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Viola de arame chordophones3Portugalstringed instruments
Viola de cocho chordophones3Brazilstringed instruments
Viola organista chordophones3Italy (Da Vinci)stringed instruments
Viola profonda chordophones3stringed instruments
Violin chordophones321.322-71Italy and Western Europestringed instruments
Violone chordophones3stringed instruments
Violotta chordophones3Germanystringed instruments
Walaycho chordophones321.321-5stringed instruments
Waldzither chordophones321.322Germanystringed instruments
Washtub bass chordophones3USAstringed instruments
Whamola chordophones3USAstringed instruments
Wheelharp chordophones3USAstringed instruments
Xalam/Khalam chordophones3West Africastringed instruments
Yaylı tambur chordophones3Turkeystringed instruments
Yangqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Yazheng chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Yehu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Yelatáj chos woley chordophones3Argentinastringed instrumentsMusical bow
Yueqin chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zhongruan chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zhonghu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zhu (string instrument) chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zhengni chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zhuihu chordophones3Chinastringed instruments
Zither chordophones314.122Belarus, Croatia, Czech, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine,stringed instruments

Electronic instruments (electrophones)

See also

References
  1. Meki Nzewi (2007). A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts: Informed by African Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Volume 1. African Minds. pp. 107–108. ISBN 1920051627.
  2. Terry Miller; Sean Williams (2011). The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. Routledge.
  3. Ken (July 15, 2019). "Concert Ukulele Guitar". Retrieved September 17, 2019.
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