Notation3
Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.[1]
| Filename extension |
.n3 |
|---|---|
| Internet media type |
text/n3;charset=utf-8 |
| Developed by | Tim Berners-Lee |
| Type of format | semantic web |
| Container for | RDF data |
| Standard | n3 |
| Website | www |
N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.
Examples
The following is an RDF model in standard XML notation:
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn">
<dc:title>Tony Benn</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Wikipedia</dc:publisher>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
may be written in Notation3 like this:
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn>
dc:title "Tony Benn";
dc:publisher "Wikipedia".
This N3 code above would also be in valid Turtle syntax.
Comparison of Notation3, Turtle, and N-Triples
| Feature | Notation3 | Turtle | N-Triples | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character encoding | UTF-8 | ASCII | ||
| Directives | @base |  | |  |
@forAll | | | | |
@forSome | | | | |
@keywords | | | | |
@prefix | | | | |
| Lists | ||||
() (DAML lists) | | | | |
<nowiki>{ … }</nowiki> (statement lists) | | | | |
| Literals | true / false(Boolean) | | | |
xsd:decimal (decimal arbitrary length) | | | | |
xsd:double (decimal double) | | | | |
xsd:integer (decimal integer) | | | | |
| Syntactic sugar | RDF paths | | | |
| QNames | | | | |
a/@a (equiv. to rdf:type) | | | | |
[] (shorthand for blank node) | | | | |
<nowiki>=</nowiki>> (x implies y) | | | | |
<<nowiki>=</nowiki> (y implies x) | | | | |
<nowiki>=</nowiki> (x is equivalent to y) | | | | |
, (repeat object in list) | | | | |
; (repeat subject/verb in list) | | | | |
See also
External links
- Notation 3 W3C Submission
- Notation 3 Outline on W3C Design Issues by Tim Berners-Lee
- Notation 3 Primer: Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3
- A Rough Guide to Notation3
- RDF for "Little Languages"
- An editing mode of N3 for Emacs
- An editing mode of N3 for vim
- An editing mode of N3 for textmate
- An editing mode of N3 for gedit
- EulerGUI, an IDE centered on N3 editor with translation from RDF, with validation, prefix management, uploading of resources, graph view, table view, etc.
References
- Berners-Lee, T. I. M.; Connolly, D. A. N.; Kagal, L.; Scharf, Y.; Hendler, J. I. M. (2008). "N3Logic: A logical framework for the World Wide Web". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming. 8 (3). arXiv:0711.1533. doi:10.1017/S1471068407003213.
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