Piculus

Piculus
	Adult male rufous-winged woodpecker (Piculus simplex)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Picidae
Tribe:	Picini
Genus:	Piculus; Spix, 1824
Species
	See text

Piculus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family Picidae that are found in Central and South America.

Taxonomy

The genus was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix in 1824.[1] The type species was subsequently designated as the golden-green woodpecker (Piculus chrysochloros) by the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser in 1923.[2] The generic name is a diminutive of the Latin word Picus meaning "woodpecker".[3]

The genus forms part of the woodpecker subfamily Picinae and has a sister relationship to the genus Dryocopus whose species are found in Eurasia and the Americas. The genus Piculus is a member of the tribe Picini and belongs to a clade that contains five genera: Colaptes, Piculus, Mulleripicus, Dryocopus and Celeus.[4]

The genus contains seven species:[5]

Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
Piculus simplex	Rufous-winged woodpecker	Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. Formerly considered to be a subspecies of the white-throated woodpecker.
Piculus callopterus	Stripe-cheeked woodpecker	Panama. Formerly considered to be a subspecies of the white-throated woodpecker.
Piculus litae	Lita woodpecker	western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador
Piculus leucolaemus	White-throated woodpecker	The Amazon Basin, Brazil, mainly in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
Piculus flavigula	Yellow-throated woodpecker	Brazil and the entire Amazon Basin; also in the Guianas, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela
Piculus chrysochloros	Golden-green woodpecker	The Amazon Basin in the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname
Piculus aurulentus	Yellow-browed woodpecker	Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.

Five other species, formerly placed here, are now in Colaptes.

References

von Spix, Johann Baptist (1824). Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (in Latin). Monachii [München]: Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni. Index p. 3. The link is to a scan of the 2nd edition published in 1838–1839.
Oberholser, Harry C. (1923). "Chloronerpes Swainson versus Piculus Spix". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 36: 201–202.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 182–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Woodpeckers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

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[1] von Spix, Johann Baptist (1824). Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX (in Latin). Monachii [München]: Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni. Index p. 3. The link is to a scan of the 2nd edition published in 1838–1839.

[2] Oberholser, Harry C. (1923). "Chloronerpes Swainson versus Piculus Spix". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 36: 201–202.

[3] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[shakya-4] Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 182–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006.

[ioc-5] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Woodpeckers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 August 2019.