Salinan language

Voiced plosives /b d ɡ/ likely came as a result of Spanish influence.

Mid vowels occurred likely due to Spanish influence.[5]

English gloss	Antoniaño	Migueleño	plural
fly	awa·´tén	a·we·te´ʽ	awaˑ´tneʟ
bullhead fish		cat’
Lewis's woodpecker	ca´knil	cra´knil
bird	caˑxwe	sa·xe	ca·xten
ground owl, gray titmouse	ska´tata	cko·´tɑtʚ
prairie falcon	ck’an	ck’an’
crow	ckaˑk’	cka·k’	skaˑ´k’tenat
snake, worm, grub	ck’ot	ck’ot	sk’o´teʟet
gull		clot
abalone		cmaiyi´k’
horned owl	cukunui´’	cokonoi´’
skunk	cuwa´’	cowa´	cuwa´ʽɴeʟ
squirrel	cuˑmk’o´m’	camko´’m	cumk’omona´neʟ
small ducks		cu´n’cun’
fish	swan	cwa´’ɴ	cwaˑne´t
lizard	swakaka´	cwaˑkek’a´’
gopher	e´cece	ee´cesi
male squirrel		emace´
pinacate	eˑts’
tarantula hawk	etskutchɑ´ten
louse	tik’e´’	i´ke	tik’eneʟ
ant	ilka´t	ilka´t
Mexican bluebird	kalep’a´n	kelep’a´n
small birds			kats’aˑne´ʟˑ
blue-crested jay		kalau
house finch	kalwatcai´	k’aluatc´a’i
goose, crane	ka´lakʽ	kalakʽ	kalak´ne´ʟ
mosquito		kaca´p
grasshopper	kacala´	kaculo´
Lawrence's goldfinch		kiope´ts
kingfisher	k’cu´i	kitcili´tna
band-tailed pigeon	klau´it
hare	koi’	koʟ	kolane´ʟ
tarantula		kocai´ye
mountain quail		k’aiya´k´
red abalones	kilṭau´	k’elṭ´u´ʽ
spider	la´kana
gray rabbit		ʟa´ma
raven	la´’	lap’
tarantula hawk		lape´
duck	leaṭ’	helpa´ṭ’	leaṭ’ten
wasps, bees	lme´m’	leme´’m
teal	le´ponta
Gambel's sparrow	le´rporti	leˑ´rpati
coyote	ʟk’a´	helk’a´	elk’ane´ʟ; elk’a´lekten
Canada goose	loina´	t’lai
small antelope		lowe´cɑt’
rat	ma´kiʟ	mɑ´kel
rabbit	map’	map’	map’tenat; map’aˑ´nel
eel	masau´hal	masau´wel
chipmunk	matse´ko	mats’e´ko’
hummingbird	mɑ´ts’we´l’
antelope	mu´i’	mu´ı̄’
clams		naiyʚk’
pocket gopher	nakɑ´k
young antelope		nʚtc’
elk	ac	p’ae	acte´n, astenat
California woodpecker	pelaˑ´kˑa’	pala·´kɑkʼ
two-pronged buck		paṭalti
hummingbird		peˑ´lts’e
ruby-crowned wren	pete´ts
lark finch	pi´ukutc
sucker		pʽu´lxoiʽ
wildcat	sam’	snam
black ant		santʚn
shrike		sapele´
one-pronged buck		sektaiˑkna
stinking ant		senese
unidentified fish		septa´ʟ
snake	senkahl	senk’oʟ
doe	sepo
mouse	seloˑ´iʽ
swallow		siata´nil
cañon finch	sit	set’
red-headed woodpecker		sik
animal		sitaipin
whip-poor-will		skalo´
sparrowhawk	skele´le	skeleˑ´le
blue crane		ska·´u
shellfish		sk’eˑ´’n
raccoon	skaiya´ʼ	s’kai´ya	skaiyana´neʟ
rat	sk’almo´k’	sk’almokʼ	sk’almok’oten
green-winged teal		slipe´pʚ
quail		smate·´xan
bee	smo´kɑt	smo´ket
rattlesnake	smeˑkoi´	smekoi´	smekoiiten
female skunk		smohel
mole	smokok’e´	smokike´
cat	smic
eagle	sai´yu	snai	saiyane´ʟ
kangaroo rat, tusa	snaˑk	snaʽk
butterfly	soko´ko	soko´ko
spotted fawn		so´ha
very small ant		sopokan
red-tailed hawk	speˑk’	spiˑk’
burrowing owl		spʽoko´ʼ
fox	sto’	sto’
young squirrel		sumhe
bat	stamaka´la
bat	suhao´ye
black-shining flycatcher	swe´ho	swīˑ´yo
male coyote		swaa´
crane		taˑlwa·´x
worm	ta´lmui
nuthatch	taka´la
Lawrence's goldfinch	ta´nukupel
crane		tapṭe´ʟ
woodpecker	tena´k
male antelope		tepce´
owl	tesik’	ṭeci´kʼ	ticik’neʟ
pelican	tē·´u	tewe´
pigeon		tikʽmo´ʽ
worm		time´hai
great California vulture	titc´k	te’tc’
badger	t´mɑ´cɑx
seal	tʽoˑ´i
badger		tʽoˑ´io
sea otter		t’sue
whale	tʸa´i
blue jay	ṭ’ai’	ṭahi
flea	ṭa·yiʟ	ṭaiyeʟ’	tayiʟtena´x
crab		ṭaitc’aˑ´tak
serpent	ṭaˑliˑye´’
puma	ṭa´’muʟ	ṭ´a’muʟ	ṭa´’multenax
deer	ṭaa´’	ṭaa´’p	ṭaatne´ʟ
bat	ṭapilale
turtledove	ṭaˑxwe´ne’	ṭʽaˑxwe´n’
bear	ṭaxai´’	ṭᴀxai´’	ṭaxai´yukten
turtle	ṭawai	ṭawʚ´	ṭawaiiten
salmon	ṭetiyau´	tʽetēyau	ṭetiyauutén
kingbird	ṭike´	ṭ’ike´’
small frog		ṭ’iˑkolʚ´
serpent		ṭinele´ʼ
grubs, worms		ṭ’iope´’
mountain lizard		ṭʽoiyelɘ´’
gray squirrel	ṭooloc	ṭoˑlo´c	ṭoolecna´neʟ
wolf	ṭʽo·´xo	ṭoˑxo´ʼ	ṭʽoˑ´xolanel
curved-bill thrush	tca	tca
Brewer's blackbird	tca´la	tcal
red-shafted woodpecker	tc’am’	tc’a’ᴍɪ
cricket	tcʼeˑl’
blue jay	tc’ele´uʼ
bat		tc’e´mtcem
fish-hawk	tcikʼ	tc´iktcik
caterpillar	tcoana´hi	ṭaau´
mottled snake		ts’aike´’
yellow-bellied woodpecker		ts’e´’ʟ
owl		ts’ɘ´tʽenek’
spider	ts’ope´n	sopne´t	ts’ope´nlax
red-winged blackbird	wakeno´
frog	wa·´kiṭ	wa´kɑṭ’	wakiṭten; wa´kɑṭ’ṭʽa´ʟ
bullbat		wa´lwal’
Oregon bunting	wa´tc	watc’
white goose		wau
blue jay, bunting	witcele´’	wetcele´’
martin		weˑtelo´’
woodpecker		we´tok
mussel	xaii´k
crane	xalau´’
ground tit	xane´o
lizard	xakele´	xapailʚ´’
yellow-billed magpie	atce´tc	xatca´tc’
roadrunner, ground cuckoo	xom	xo·´’mɪ
quail	ho´mlik´
red-headed vulture	xopne´l	xo·pɴe´ʟ
dog	xutc	xutcaˑi	xoste´n

English gloss	Antoniaño	Migueleño	plural
wild oats		atʟoˑ´s
bark	awu´’l	awuʟ’
tule	aˑxo´ʟ		axone´ʟ
seed	avexte´ya		ayextel’i´ya
bud	ca´l		ca´ltine
quijara de pala	ck’ua´
large soaproot		ck’alʚ´’
clover		cpo´k’at’; cpoku´mt’a
brush	cɑ´tala
leaf	ctan’		stanane´ʟ
blackberries		elpo´nʚ
wild seeds		heˑʟka´’
hay, grass	k’aˑṭ’	kat	k’atsane´l
sunflower		k’a·´ciʟ
tule		k’ɑ´mta’
acorn	k’a’	kɑp’	ka’te´ʟ
small young oaks	ka´pitc’
large pine nut	kʽe	kʽe
fern root		k’ēˑ´ciapowat
tuna (prickly pear)		k’eso´i’
cedar	keṭipui		keṭipoilax
root		ko’iʏi
melon	k’olopopo´
bulb, wild potato		k’ona·´ka
cacomite		kotc’e´ʟ
forest	ku´katak
flower	mɑkawi´ʼ	mɑkewe´	makawili´ʼ
milkweed		matai´’ʏi
toloache		moˑnoi´’ʏi
laurel	mopa´kʽ
ivy	mucuelit
wild grape		o·pɪs
chia	pa´siʟ	pɑ´siʟ
post oak		p’ɑ´pex
white oak	at’	p’aˑ´’t	atne´ʟ; p’atʽne´lat
manzanita	patʽax	patʽa´k	patʽaxtén
live oak	askle´t	paxa´kiʟ
buckeye		pʚca´ʼ
willow		pʚsxe´t
grass		petʟ
seedlings		peyexte´toʼ
seaweed		powa´tka
fruit		pamputen
fruit		tenpute´s
mescal	saxe´t
alfilerillos		seneste´ʟ
brush		smɑt
acorn		smoʼ
clover		smo´kumeʟ
acorn		sxau´witʽ
seeds		tana´t
wicker		tana´st
grains	tate´
small soaproot		tetai´
elderberries		tetɑ´pʽkoˑʟ
root	tepa´s	tepa´so
oak		tʽio´i
acorn		t’i´pi’
mescal		tʽᴍɑ
grass		tʽʚma´s
milkweed		tʚmaˑ´ʟ
grass for baskets		tʽonawɑ´’
gooseberries		toipen
flower of mescal	ṭaiya´c
wood	ṭa·´ka’aṭʽ	ṭa·´kaṭa	tak’ane´ʟ
tobacco	ṭala´’ᴍ	ṭoela´m
stump of tree	ṭa´pin	ṭamoina´co
fruit	tata	ṭaˑ´tʽoʼ
root		ṭepastéɴ
juice	ṭetaco	ṭita´cu
pine nuts	tcʽo’	tʽo’	ṭotenʚ´l
brush	ṭoki
barsalillo		tc’e·´lak
pine	tc’o’
wood for pipe		tcʽo´ʟʚ
chuckberries		ts’eta´kiʟ
spine	xa´ke
acorn	xo´le
live oak	hasli´t’
acorn	ha´siʟ