Timeline of Kobe

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kobe, Japan.

Prior to 20th century

3rd century CE – Ikuta Shrine founded.
1868
- Port of Kobe opens.
- Hiogo and Osaka Herald English-language newspaper begins publication.[1]
1870 – Kobe Regatta & Athletic Club established.
1872 – Minatogawa Shrine established.[2]
1878 – Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry founded.[3]
1884 – Kobe Yushin Nippo (newspaper) begins publication.
1887 – Population: 103,969.[4]
1889 – Tōkaidō Main Line railway (Tokyo-Kobe) begins operating.[5]
1893 – Population: 153,382.[6]
1896 – Kinetoscope demonstrated at the Shinko Club.[7][8]
1898
- Kobe Shimbun (newspaper) begins publication.[3]
- Population: 215,780.[6]

20th century

1902
- Kobe Higher Commercial School founded.[9]
- Kawasaki Dockyard built.[10]
1903
- Kobe Golf Club formed.[11]
- Population: 283,839.[12]
1905 – Kobe Seikosho in business.[13][3]
1907 – City emblem designed.
1908 – Population: 378,197.[6]
1913 – Population: 442,167.[6]
1918 – Population: 592,726.[6]
1920 – Population: 664,471.[6]
1921 – Kobe Light Wave Society formed.[14]
1925 – Population: 644,212.[15]
1926 – Kobe Electric Railway established.
1930 – Ashiya Camera Club formed.[14]
1931 – Nishi city ward established.
1933
- Hyōgo city ward established.
- Port Festival begins.[16]
1935 – Population: 912,179
1936
- Railway Sannomiya Station in operation.
- Kobe Bank established.[17]
1938 – Flooding.[18]
1939 – Kawasaki Heavy Industries in business.[19]
1940 – Population: 967,234.[6]
1942 – April 18: Aerial bombing by US forces.
1945
- March 16–17: Bombing of Kobe in World War II.
- Population: 379,166.[20]
1946 – Tarumi city ward and Kobe Municipal College of Foreign Affairs[21] established.
1949 – Kobe University established.[9]
1950
- November: Korean-related 1950 Nagata incident occurs.
- Population: 765,435.[6]
1951 – Kobe Oji Zoo founded.[22]
1955 – Population: 979,920.[6]
1956 – Kobe designated a government ordinance city.[23]
1957 – Sister city relationship established with Seattle, USA.[24]
1963 – Kobe Port Tower built.
1967 – Kobe Carnival begins.[16]
1970 – Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art opens.
1971 – Kobe Matsuri (festival) begins.[16]
1972 – Sanyō Shinkansen (hi-speed train) begins operating;[5] Shin-Kobe Station opens.
1975
- Nuclear-armed vessels prohibited from Kobe Port.
- Nishiyama Memorial Hall built.
- Population: 1,360,000.[25]
1977 – Subway Seishin-Yamate Line begins operating.
1981 – Kobe Convention Complex opens.
1982 – Kobe City Museum opens.
1988 – Subway Hokushin Line begins operating.
1989 – Kobe City Hall built.
1991 – Kobe Fashion Mart built.
1993 – Artificial Rokkō Island created.[18]
1995
- 17 January: The 6.9 M_w  Great Hanshin earthquake shakes the southern Hyōgo Prefecture with a maximum Shindo of VII, leaving 5,502–6,434 people dead, and 251,301–310,000 displaced in the region.
- June: Post-earthquake city "Restoration Plan" published.[26]
- December: Kobe Luminarie festival begins.
- Kobe Meriken Park Oriental Hotel in business.
1996
- October: Earthquake-damaged Hanshin Expressway rebuilt.[27]
- Animation Kobe event begins.
1997 – Eco Asia meets in Kobe.[19]
1998 – Akashi Kaikyō Bridge built.
2000 – Population: 1,493,595.[28]

21st century

2001 – Subway Kaigan Line begins operating; Harborland Station opens.
2002 – Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art building opens.
2006 – Kobe Airport opens.[19]
2007 – Kobe Planet Film Archive opens.[9]
2010 – Population: 1,544,200.[29]
2013
- Kizō Hisamoto becomes mayor.
- Umie Mosaic opens.

References

Joseph Rogala (2001). Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English. Japan Library. ISBN 978-1-136-63923-4.
"Timeline of Religion and Nationalism in Meiji and Imperial Japan". About Japan: A Teacher’s Resource. New York: Japan Society. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa. 2002. ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9.
W.N. Whitney, ed. (1889). "List of towns having population of over 10,000". Concise Dictionary of the Principal Roads, Chief Towns and Villages of Japan. Tokyo: Z.P. Maruya and Co.. hdl:2027/hvd.hnngzq.
Christopher P. Hood (2006). "Chronology". Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-36089-5.
Ayanori Okasaki (1957). "Growth of Urban Population in Japan". Genus. 13 (1/4): 132–152. JSTOR 29787368.
Richard Abel, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.
Jasper Sharp (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7541-8.
"Institutions in Japan: Browse by Region (Kinki)". Research Access in Japanese Museums, Libraries, and Archives Resources. North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
"History of KHI (chronology)". Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Allen Guttmann; Lee Austin Thompson (2001). Japanese Sports: A History. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2464-8.
Japan Year Book. Tokyo. 1905. hdl:2027/nyp.33433082441555.
"History of the Kobe Steel Group (timeline)". Kobe Steel Ltd. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
History of Japanese Photography. USA: Museum of Fine Arts Houston. 2003. ISBN 978-0-300-09925-6.
Y. Takenobu (1928). "Population of the Cities". Japan Year Book 1929. Tokyo.
Nobutaka 1979.
Norio Tamaki (1995). "Genealogy of leading Japanese banks, 1859–1959". Japanese Banking: A History, 1859–1959. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02233-0.
Edgington 2010.
William D. Hoover (2011). Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7539-5.
"Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
"History: Chronology". Kobe City University of Foreign Studies. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Japan (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
Philip Shapira; et al., eds. (1994). Planning for Cities and Regions in Japan. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-248-3.
"Seattle's 21 Sister Cities". USA: City of Seattle. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
Olshansky 2006.
Horwich 2000.
"Japan". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
"Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2013. United Nations Statistics Division.

This article incorporates information from the Japanese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 20th century

"Kōbe", Handbook for Travellers in Japan (9th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1913, hdl:2027/nnc1.50290956
T. Philip Terry (1914), "Kobe", Terry's Japanese Empire, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, LCCN 14005129
Robert P. Porter (1915), "Ports and Other Cities: (Kobe)", Japan, the New World-Power (2nd ed.), London: Oxford University Press
Inoue Nobutaka; et al. (1979). "A Festival with Anonymous Kami: the Kobe Matsuri". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 6 (1/2): 163–185. doi:10.18874/jjrs.6.1-2.1979.163-185. JSTOR 30233196.
Kobe City Restoration Plan, Kobe City, 1995
Catherine Bauman (1998). Challenge of Land Use Planning After Urban Earthquakes: Observations from the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995. USA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. ISBN 978-0-7881-8378-2.

Published in the 21st century

George Horwich (2000). "Economic Lessons of the Kobe Earthquake". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 48 (3): 521–542. doi:10.1086/452609. JSTOR 10.1086/452609.
Kobe: Developing a Resilient City (PDF), Local Strategies for Accelerating Sustainability, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives-Canada, 2002 – via United Nations Public Administration Network, Case Study #80
Robert B. Olshansky; et al. (2006). "Rebuilding Communities Following Disaster: Lessons from Kobe and Los Angeles". Built Environment. 32 (4): 354–374. doi:10.2148/benv.32.4.354. JSTOR 23289510.
Richard Tames (2008). "Historical Gazetteer: Kobe". A Traveller's History of Japan (4th ed.). USA: Interlink Books. ISBN 978-1-56656-404-5.
David W. Edgington (2010). Reconstructing Kobe: The Geography of Crisis and Opportunity. University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-5941-7.
Hugh Cortazzi, ed. (2012). "Kobe". Victorians in Japan: In and Around the Treaty Ports. Bloomsbury. pp. 157–. ISBN 978-1-78093-977-3. (first published in 1987)

External links

"歴史散策 (Stroll through History)" (in Japanese). City of Kobe.
"Retrospective Kobe (photos)" (in Japanese). City of Kobe.
Items related to Kobe, various dates (via Europeana).
Items related to Kobe, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).

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[Rogala2001-1] Joseph Rogala (2001). Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English. Japan Library. ISBN 978-1-136-63923-4.

[japansociety-religion-2] "Timeline of Religion and Nationalism in Meiji and Imperial Japan". About Japan: A Teacher’s Resource. New York: Japan Society. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[europa2003-3] Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa. 2002. ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9.

[Whitney1889-4] W.N. Whitney, ed. (1889). "List of towns having population of over 10,000". Concise Dictionary of the Principal Roads, Chief Towns and Villages of Japan. Tokyo: Z.P. Maruya and Co.. hdl:2027/hvd.hnngzq.

[Hood2006-5] Christopher P. Hood (2006). "Chronology". Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-36089-5.

[okasaki1957-6] Ayanori Okasaki (1957). "Growth of Urban Population in Japan". Genus. 13 (1/4): 132–152. JSTOR 29787368.

[Abel2005-7] Richard Abel, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.

[Sharp2011-8] Jasper Sharp (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7541-8.

[nccjapan-9] "Institutions in Japan: Browse by Region (Kinki)". Research Access in Japanese Museums, Libraries, and Archives Resources. North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[10] "History of KHI (chronology)". Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[GuttmannThompson2001-11] Allen Guttmann; Lee Austin Thompson (2001). Japanese Sports: A History. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2464-8.

[yearbook1905-12] Japan Year Book. Tokyo. 1905. hdl:2027/nyp.33433082441555.

[13] "History of the Kobe Steel Group (timeline)". Kobe Steel Ltd. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[houston2003-14] History of Japanese Photography. USA: Museum of Fine Arts Houston. 2003. ISBN 978-0-300-09925-6.

[yearbook1929-15] Y. Takenobu (1928). "Population of the Cities". Japan Year Book 1929. Tokyo.

[FOOTNOTENobutaka1979-16] Nobutaka 1979.

[Tamaki1995-17] Norio Tamaki (1995). "Genealogy of leading Japanese banks, 1859–1959". Japanese Banking: A History, 1859–1959. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02233-0.

[FOOTNOTEEdgington2010-18] Edgington 2010.

[hoover2011-19] William D. Hoover (2011). Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7539-5.

[20] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[21] "History: Chronology". Kobe City University of Foreign Studies. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[Kisling2000-22] Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Japan (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.

[Shapira1994-23] Philip Shapira; et al., eds. (1994). Planning for Cities and Regions in Japan. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-248-3.

[24] "Seattle's 21 Sister Cities". USA: City of Seattle. Retrieved December 30, 2015.

[25] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.

[FOOTNOTEOlshansky2006-26] Olshansky 2006.

[FOOTNOTEHorwich2000-27] Horwich 2000.

[europa2004-28] "Japan". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.

[29] "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2013. United Nations Statistics Division.