Visa requirements for Turkmen citizens
Visa requirements for Turkmen citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkmenistan. As of 2 July 2019, Turkmen citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking the Turkmen passport 93rd in terms of travel freedom (according to the Henley Passport Index).[1]
Visa requirements map

Changes
Visa requirements for Turkmen citizens were lifted by Philippines (15 April 2014)[2] and Indonesia (December 2015), Armenia (10 July 2018),[3][4][5][6] Oman (December 2020).[7]
Following countries have reinstated visa requirements for Turkmen citizens: Estonia (1 July 1992),[8] Latvia (1993), Lithuania (1 November 1993),[9] Slovakia (6 May 1994),[10] Bulgaria (1 January 1999),[11] Armenia (1999), Moldova (9 June 1999),[12] Russia (17 July 1999), Hungary (1 December 1999),[13] Romania (1 July 2000),[14] Belarus (21 July 2000), Czech Republic (22 October 2000),[15] Poland (3 November 2000),[16] Kazakhstan (1 March 2001). Also Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
Visa requirements
| Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa required[17] | |||
| Visa required[18] | |||
| Visa required[19] | |||
| Visa required[20] | |||
| Visa required[21] | |||
| Visa not required[22] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[23] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival | 180 days within 1 year | ||
| Visa required[24] |
| ||
| Visa required[26] | |||
| eVisa[27] | 30 days[28] | ||
| Visa required[29] | |||
| Visa required[30] | |||
| Visa on arrival[31] | 30 days | ||
| Visa not required[32] | 28 days | ||
| Visa required[33] | |||
| Visa required[34] | |||
| Visa required[35] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[36][37] | 30 days / 8 days |
| |
| Visa required[38] | |||
| Visa on arrival[39] | 90 days | ||
| Visa required[40] | |||
| Visa required[41] | |||
| Visa required[42] | |||
| Visa required[43] | |||
| Visa required[44] | |||
| Visa required[45] | |||
| Visa required[46] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[47] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[48] | |||
| Visa required[49] | |||
| Visa on arrival[50] | |||
| Visa required[51] | |||
| Visa required[52] | |||
| Visa required[53] | |||
| Visa required[54] |
| ||
| Visa required[55] | |||
| Visa on arrival[56] | |||
| Visa required[57] | |||
| Visa required[58] | |||
| Visa required[59] | |||
| eVisa[60] | 3 months |
| |
| Visa required[61] | |||
| Visa required[62] | |||
| Visa required[63] | |||
| Visa required[64] | |||
| Visa required[65] | |||
| eVisa[66] | 31 days | ||
| Visa not required[67] | 21 days | ||
| Visa required[68] | |||
| Visa not required[69] | 90 days | ||
| Visa required[70] | |||
| Visa required[71] | |||
| Visa required[72] | |||
| Visa required[73] | |||
| Visa required[74] | |||
| Visa required[75] | |||
| eVisa[76] | up to 90 days |
| |
| Visa required[77] | |||
| Visa required[78] | |||
| Visa required[79] | |||
| eVisa[80] |
| ||
| Visa required[81][82] | |||
| Visa not required[83] | 1 year | ||
| Visa required[84] | |||
| Visa required[85] | |||
| Visa required[86] | |||
| Visa on arrival[87] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[88] | |||
| eVisa[89] | |||
| Visa on arrival[90] | 90 days | ||
| Visa required[91] | |||
| Visa not required[92] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[93] | |||
| Visa required[94] | |||
| Visa required[95] | |||
| Visa required[96] | |||
| Visa not required[97] | 30 days | ||
| Visa on arrival[98] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[99] | |||
| Visa required[100] | |||
| Visa required[101] | |||
| Visa required[102] | |||
| Visa on arrival[103] | |||
| Visa required[104] | |||
| Visa on arrival[105] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[106] |
| ||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[108] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[109] | |||
| Visa required[110] | |||
| Visa required[111] |
| ||
| Visa required[112] | |||
| eVisa[113] |
| ||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[115] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[116] | |||
| Visa on arrival[117] | 1 month |
| |
| eVisa[118][119] | |||
| Visa required[120] | |||
| Visa required[121] | |||
| Visa required[122] | |||
| Visa required[123] | |||
| Visa required[124] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[125] | 90 days | ||
| eVisa[126][127] | 90 days | ||
| Visa not required[128] | 90 days | ||
| Visa on arrival[129] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[130] | |||
| Visa required[131] | |||
| Visa on arrival[132] | 90 days | ||
| Visa on arrival[133] |
| ||
| Visa on arrival[134] | 60 days | ||
| Visa required[135] | |||
| Visa not required[136] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[137] | |||
| Visa required[138] | |||
| Visa required[139] | |||
| Visa required[140] | |||
| Visa required[141] | |||
| Visa on arrival[142] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[143] | |||
| Visa not required[144] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[145] | |||
| Visa on arrival[146] | 90 days | ||
| Visa required[147] | |||
| Visa required[148] |
| ||
| Visa on arrival[151] | 90 days | ||
| Visa required[152] | |||
| Visa required[153] | |||
| Visa required[154] | |||
| Visa required[155] | |||
| Visa not required | 10 days [156][157] | ||
| Online Visa[158] | |||
| Visa on arrival[159] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[160] | |||
| Visa required[161] | |||
| Visa required[162] | |||
| Visa required[163] | |||
| Visa not required[164] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[165] | |||
| Visa required[166] | |||
| eVisa[167] | |||
| Visa required[168] | |||
| Visa required[169] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[170] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[171] |
| ||
| Visa required[173] | |||
| Visa not required[174] | 1 month | ||
| Entry Permit on arrival[175] | 60 days | ||
| Visa required[176] | |||
| eVisa[177] | |||
| Visa required[178] | |||
| Visa required[179] | |||
| Visa required[180] | |||
| Visitor's Permit on arrival[181] | 3 months | ||
| Visa required[182] | |||
| eVisa[183] | |||
| Visa required[184] | |||
| Visa required[185] | |||
| Visa required[186] | |||
| Visa on arrival[187] | 30 days |
| |
| Visa required[188] | |||
| Electronic Visa[189] | |||
| Visa required[191] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[192] | 30 days | ||
| Visa required[193] | |||
| eVisa[194] | |||
| Visa required[195] | |||
| Visa required[196] | |||
| Visa required | |||
| Visa on arrival[201] | 45 days |
| |
| Visa required[203] | |||
| Visa required[204] | |||
| Visa on arrival[205] | 30 days | ||
| Visa on arrival[206] | 7 days | ||
| Visa required[207] | |||
| Visa required[208] | |||
| Visa required[209] |
| ||
| Visa not required[209] | 30 days | ||
| Visa on arrival[210] | 1 month | ||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[211] |
| ||
| Visa required[213] | |||
| Visa required[214] | |||
| Visa required[215] | |||
| Visa required[216] | |||
| Visa required[217] | |||
| Visa required[218] |
| ||
| Visa required[221] | |||
| Visa required[222] | |||
| Visa required[223] | |||
| Visa required[224] | |||
| Visa required[225] | |||
| eVisa[226] | |||
| eVisa / Visa on arrival[227] | 3 months |
References and Notes
- References
- "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2019" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- "Филиппины. Миграция, виза, туризм".
- "Armenian government plans to introduce visa waiver for Albania, Lebanon, Turkmenistan and Canada". Armenpress.am. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- "Armenian government plans to introduce visa waiver for Albania, Lebanon, Turkmenistan and Canada". Artsakhpress.am. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- "Armenian government plans to introduce visa waiver for Albania, Lebanon, Turkmenistan and Canada". Beirutbizreport.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- "Armenia is going to liberalize the visa regime for the citizens of Canada, Lebanon, Turkmenistan and Albania". Arminfo.info. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- "Are you from one of these countries? You could enjoy visa-free travel to Oman - Times of Oman". Archived from the original on 2020-12-09.
- "Eesti Vabariigi viisaeeskirjade" kinnitamise ja rakendamise kohta (in Estonian)
- "Политика России в Балтии". 31 August 1993.
- "Oznámenie 107/1994 Z.z. O vypovedaní Dohody medzi vládou Československej socialistickej republiky a vládou Zväzu sovietskych socialistických republík o podmienkach vzájomných ciest občanov oboch štátov vo vzťahu k Moldavskej republike, Gruzínskej republike, Arménskej republike, Kazašskej republike, Kirgizskej republike, Tadžickej republike a k Turkménskej republike úplné a aktuálne znenie".
- "Болгария вводит визы для россиян". 6 December 2000.
- Government decree on the introduction of a visa regime for citizens of Turkmen citizens
- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Hungary and the Government of Turkmenistan on visa-free trips on diplomatic and service passports. Article 7.3 (in Hungarian)
- "Румыния вводит визы для СНГ". July 2000.
- "Чехия переходит на визовый режим со всеми странами СНГ".
- http://isip.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20000870982+2000%2410%2420&min=1
- Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
- Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- Electronic Visa System of Azerbaijan Republic
- Visa requirements for foreigners travelling to the Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas, 18 February 2014.
- Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- Countries not requiring an entry visa, Department of Immigration and Nationality Services of Belize, September 2016.
- Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- eVisa Benin
- Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "E-visa – SNEDAI GROUPE".
- Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- eVisa
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- Gabon e-Visa
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "ENTRY INTO THE GAMBIA. GAMBIA IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT". gid.gov.gm. 2017-12-23. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- О ратификации Соглашения между Правительством Республики Казахстан и Правительством Туркменистана о взаимных поездках граждан
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "e-VISA". evisa.e-gov.kg. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- eVisa Lesotho
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "Malawi e-Visa System | Malawi Visa Online | The Official e-Visa Application Portal of Malawi | Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services". Evisa.gov.mw. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "A2.15 Unacceptable travel documents". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. 8 April 2013.
- "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- Оман открыл безвизовый въезд для туристов из Туркменистана
- Are you from one of these countries? You could enjoy visa-free travel to Oman
- "Online visa system of Pakistan". Ministry of Interior. Pakistan.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Visitor Visa Application
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- e-Visa STP
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "Do I need a visa to travel to South Sudan?". Ministry of Internal Affairs. 'South Sudan.
- "Apply for a South Sudan Visa Online". Ministry of Internal Affairs. 'South Sudan.
- Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "Suriname E-Visa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
- List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
- Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
- Syria issues law imposing visas on its visitors
- "القانون 2 لعام 2014 دخول وخروج وإقامة الأجانب في سوريا" [Law 2 of 2014 - Entry, exit and residence of foreigners in Syria]. People's Council of Syria. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- قانون يحظر الدخول لسورية أو الخروج منها ...إلا لحامل جواز سفر ساري المفعول أو وثيقة مؤشر عليها بسمة دخول من إحدى البعثات الدبلوماسية السورية [A law prohibiting entering or leaving Syria ... except for a holder of a valid passport or a document marked by an entry visa from a Syrian diplomatic mission] (in Arabic). Al-Watan (Syria). 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- "Tajikistan e-Visa". Evisa.tj. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Uganda Electronic Visa/Permit Application System
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
- Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- С ВИЗАМИ И БЕЗ…
- "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН О ДАЛЬНЕЙШИХ МЕРАХ ПО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОРЯДКА ВЪЕЗДА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН В РЕСПУБЛИКУ УЗБЕКИСТАН". lex.uz. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- Notes
