Hagfa Pinyim
Hagfa Pinyim, (literally "Hakka Pinyin") is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka into Latin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed by Lau Chun-fat (Chinese: 劉鎮發) for use in his Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese: 客語拼音字彙, literally "Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary") that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after the Pinyin system used for Mandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.
| Chinese romanization |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Wu |
| Yue |
| Min |
| Gan |
| Hakka |
| Xiang |
| See also |
Writing system
Hagfa Pinyim uses the Latin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.[1] A single hyphen is added to indicate a compound. Vowels indicated are regular forms but sometimes irregular forms occur.
Consonants
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | ㄅ | p | bag5 伯 |
| p | ㄆ | pʰ | pag6 白 |
| d | ㄉ | t | du3 肚 |
| t | ㄊ | tʰ | tai4 大 |
| g | ㄍ | k | ga1 家 |
| k | ㄎ | kʰ | kiung4 共 |
| z | ㄗ | ts | zo4 做 |
| c | ㄘ | tsʰ | ca1 車 |
| s | ㄙ | s | se4 細 |
| j | ㄐ | tɕ | ji1 知 |
| q | ㄑ | tɕʰ | qi2 徐 |
| x | ㄒ | ɕ | xi4 四 |
| l | ㄌ | l | li1 鯉 |
| m | ㄇ | m | mi3 美 |
| n | ㄋ | n | nai2 泥 |
| ng | ㄫ | ŋ | ngiu2 牛 |
| f | ㄈ | f | fi1 飛 |
| v | ㄪ | v/ʋ | vun2 文 |
| h | ㄏ | h | heu4 後 |
Semivowel
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| y | ㄧ | j | yi1 羽 |
Vowels
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| a | ㄚ | a |
| i | ㄧ | i |
| u | ㄨ | u |
| e | ㄝ | e |
| o | ㄛ | o |
| i | ㆨ | ɨ |
| -b | ㆴ | p |
| -d | ㆵ | t |
| -g | ㆶ | k |
Tones
| Tone number | Chinese tone name | Meixian | Huiyang | Hong Kong | Sixian | Hailu | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yinping (dark even) | 44 | 44 | 24 | 24 | 53 | fon1 歡 |
| 2 | yangping (light even) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 55 | teu2 頭 |
| 3 | yinshang (dark rising) | 31 | 31 | 33 | 31 | 24 | hi3 喜 |
| 3 | yangshang (light rising) (merged with yinshang) |
31 | 31 | 33 | 31 | 24 | hi3 喜 |
| 4 | yinqu (dark departing) | 52 | 53 | 55 | 55 | 11 | mian4 面 |
| 4 | yangqu (light departing) | — | — | — | — | 33 | |
| 5 | yinru (dark entering) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | zug5 粥 |
| 6 | yangru (light entering) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | sid6 食 |
- All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi.
References
- "Hakka Phoneticisation". Dylan W.H. Sung. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- Lau, Chun-fat (1997). Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong, 1997: The Chinese University Press. ISBN 962-201-750-9.
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