Tarangan language

Tarangan is one of the Aru languages, spoken by inhabitants of the Aru Islands in eastern Indonesia. There are two "Tarangan" varieties: East and West Tarangan. These varieties are divergent, perhaps no closer than they are to Manombai, also spoken in the Arus. West Tarangan is a trade language of the southern islands.[2]

Tarangan
Native toIndonesia
RegionAru Islands
Native speakers
14,000 (2011)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
tre – East Tarangan
txn – West Tarangan
Glottologeast2465  East
west2538  West

Phonology

The following is the description for West Tarangan:[3]

Consonants
Consonant phonemes[3]
Labial Dental/
Alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive voiceless (p) t̪ k (ʔ)
voiced b d (dʒ) (ɡ)
Fricative ɸ s
Flap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant j w
  • /k/ can occur as a glottal [ʔ] intervocalically between two non-high vowels.[3]
  • /ɸ/ is heard as a stop [p] syllable-final position.[3]
  • /w j/ are heard as voiced stops [ɡ dʒ] in word-initial position and within a stressed noninitial syllable onset.[3]

Vowels
Vowel phonemes[3]
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
  • /a i/ in unstressed positions are heard as [ə ɪ].[3]
  • Sounds /e o/ are phonetically [e̝ o̝].[3]

References
  1. East Tarangan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    West Tarangan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Hughes, Jock (1987). "The languages of Kei, Tanimbar and Aru: Lexicostatistic classification" (PDF). In Soenjono Dardjowidjojo (ed.). Miscellaneous studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, part 9. NUSA 27. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. pp. 71–111.
  3. Nivens, Richard (1992). "A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan". Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
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