Penrhyn language
The Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant[2] belonging to the Polynesian language family spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in the Northern Cook Islands.[3] It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.
| Penrhyn | |
|---|---|
| Mangarongaro, Penrhynese, Tongareva | |
| tongareva | |
| Native to | Cook Islands |
| Region | Penrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands |
Native speakers | 200 (2011 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pnh |
| Glottolog | penr1237 |
| ELP | Penrhyn |
Phonology
Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Writing system and pronunciation
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
| Stop | p | t | k | |
| Fricative | (f) v | s | h | |
| Liquid | l ⟨r⟩ |
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present. [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki language.[5]
Grammar
Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Grammar
References
- Penrhyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Te Reo Maori Act 2003 – via www.paclii.org
- "Penrhyn". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
- "Penrhyn Dictionary - Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages". penrhyn.cookislandsdictionary.com.
- "Penrhyn (Tongareva)". Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages. Suva: The University of the South Pacific.
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